2011年职称英语冲刺班讲义-第四部分-阅读理解

Dorm Food More Comfy

Once upon a time, eating in an American college dorm meant soup in a hotpot or getting pizza delivered. The most interesting thing about the campus dining hall was often the salad bar.

No more. These days, US college students have refined tastes and a growing interest in preparing their own food. Mini-refrigerators and microwaves in dorm rooms are as essential as laptops.

\awareness of college students is increasing,\Tom Post, president of campus dining for Sodexo, a major food service company. \today grew up watching celebrity chefs on TV, eating organic food and valuing good nutrition.\

In response, cafeteria menus have changed. Sodexo's top campus foods for 2009 include Vietnamese noodle soup, goat cheese salad, and Mexican chicken. But colleges are also catering to student demands for more flexible and personalized dining options.

Chartwells, the company that prepares food for dining halls at Ohio Wesleyan University in the state of Ohio, offers microwaveable meals that students can take away, as well as a program where students can have food individually prepared. Or they can even do their own cooking.

This fall, Sarah Lawrence College in New York will offer students on its meal plan a chance to pick up groceries in the cafeteria as an alternative to a cooked meal.

“Students want things that are easy to make ,things that don’t take long and will still taste good,” said Rachel Holcomb, a University of Massachusetts-Amherst student who updated recipes for the new edition of The Healthy College Cookbook.

Angelo Berti ,a chef at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcesier, Massachusetts,teaches cooking in drom kitchens .But Berti says he’s not just teaching recipes. He’s encouraging students to use dining together as a way to socialize and as a means of self-expression. \

That's why at the College of William & Mary in Virginia, students produce a cooking show filmed in a dorm called \3-Course meal for under $20,\featuring grilled chicken stuffed with goat cheese and basil.

词汇：

comfy／['k?mfi] ／adj．(口)舒适的 laptop／['l?pt?p] ／n．膝上型电脑 cafeteria／[,k?fi'ti?ri?] ／n．自助食堂 canvas／['k?nv?s] ／n．画布；油画 gourmet／['gu?mei] ／n．美食家

basil／['b?zil] ／n．罗勒（芳香草本植物） 注释：标题意思为（美国）宿舍烹饪之风流行。 练习：

1. Which of the following is not mentioned as a basic equipment in today's student dorms?

A) fridges B) microwaves C) notebook computer D) TV sets 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?

A) The salad bar is still the most interesting food to them up to now. B) Today Pizza remains the most popular food to US college students.

C) US college students want their dining options to be more flexible and personalized D) Colleges have made no changes to meet students' needs.

3. The following food are among Sodexo's top campus foods for 2009 EXCEPT

A) Italian Pizza

B) Vietnamese noodle soup D) Mexican chicken

C) goat cheese salad

4. Which of the following statements about Angelo Berti is NOT true?

A) He is a chef at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. B) He teaches cooking in a cooking school.

C) He believes that cooking means more than preparing food following the recipes D) He regards dining together as a good way to expand the circle of friends. 5. What does Angelo Berti mean by saying \

A) Cooking is so boring that it is not worthy for students to have a try. B) College students should make their meal as simple as possible. C) Cooking is a good way to express oneself freely.

D) If one wants to become a successful cook, he'd better learn painting first

答案与题解：

1． D 第二段末尾提及现在美国的大学宿舍里，小冰箱和微波炉和笔记本电脑一样成为了必需品，惟独没有提及电视。

2． C 第四段最后一句说美国的大学在尽量满足学生对F饮食更加灵活和个性化的要求。 3 A 第四段说Sodex02009年最受欢迎的校园食品包括B、C和D选项。

4 B 从倒数第二段可知，Angelo Berti教授厨艺的地点并非烹饪学校，而是大学学生寝室的厨房。

5 C 从该句的上下文可知，Angelo Berti说“The meal is your canvas”的真实意思是做饭是自由表达自我的一个很好的途径或方式。

Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer

British women are happy nowadays to wear mini-skirts up until the age of 40, according to research by Debenhams.

Just 20 years ago, few women would dare to wear a mini-skirt after the age of 33, the store said. \are happy to dress accordingly,\this trend continues, there's no doubt that, within the next decade, women in their mid 40s and early 50s will rightly regard a mini-skirt as an essential part of their everyday wardrobe.\

The figures emerged when the store, examined the latest age profile of women buying short,36-cm skirts over the past six months. Their results show that it has jumped from an average age of 36-years-old at the start of millennium1 t0 40 today. Figures from 1980 showed that on average women stopped buying minis when they reached 33 years old -- a figure unchanged from the mid-1960s.

The store noted that experts believe that the popularity of intensive gym culture2, providing women with well toned bodies3 for longer may be the reason. The increasing number of British women living on their own may also be a factor.

The Debenhams' study showed that a modem woman's love affair with a mini-skirt begins at the age of 14 but that she doesn't buy her first one until the age of 16. Instead, she flouts school rules by rolling up the waistband of the school uniform to give the impression of wearing a mini skirt.

Skirts get shorter between the ages of 16 and 19 reducing in size from 46 t0 36 cm before reaching their shortest, a mere 32 cm, at the age of 23. Skirt length increases slightly between the ages of 23 and 27, rising t0 37 cm, possibly due to girls being in their first stable relationship,with no desire to attract attention, the store said.

However, it found short skirts suddenly zoom in popularity between the ages of 27 and 34, as those early relationships break down, and new relationships are formed. The move into longer skirts begins irreversibly at 40 years old, when 46-cm skirts, still slightly above the knee are the norm. From then on, skirt length increases dramatically, falling below the knee for the very first time since school days at the age of 42.

词汇：

millennium／mi'leni?m／n．千禧年 gym／d?im/n．健身房

注释：

1． 这里指公元2000年。

2． gym culture指英国现在流行的去健身房健身的趋势。 3． well toned bodies指结实而线条良好的体型。 练习：

1. Debenhams could most possibly be：（信息词，一段2行）

A) a fashion magazine B) a lifestyle association C) an expert on trends D) a department store

2. According to the passage, British women are happy to wear mini-skirts up until an older age because of the following reasons EXCEPT:（信息词一段1行）

A) Women are more and more confident in their bodies.（二段2行）

B) Women nowadays pay much more attention to body building, and this provides them with well toned bodies to wear mini-skirts.（四段2行）

C) The Climate of Great Britain are getting warmer in recent years, thus women can wear minis for a longer time.

D) More and more women are now living on their own.

3. We can infer from the second and third paragraph that in 1970s.（四段3行）

A) A lot of women dared to wear mini-skirts at the age of 40. B) Most women between 33 and 36 were still happy to wear mini-skirts.

C) Even women in their early 50s rightly regarded a mini-skirt as an essential part of their everyday wardrobe.

D、Most women no longer wore mini-skirts when they reach the age of 33. 4. Which of the following statements about the length of the mini-skirts is true?

A) At the age of 14, girls often wear mini-skirts which are about 46cm in size.（五段2行）

B) Girls at the age of 19 wear the shortest mini-skirts.（六段1行）

C) At the age of 23, most girls wear mini-skirts which are 37cm long.（六段2行） D) From the age of 23, skirt length increases because girls are in their first stable relationship.（六段3行）

5. The word \（最后一段1行）

A) soar 答案与题解：

1． D 从第二段的第一句话可知Debenhams是一个百货公司的名称。

2． C 英国女性愿意穿超短裙的人群年龄有上升的趋势，主要是因为人们越来越自信，注意健身保持体形，以及女性生活更加独立。气候变暖不是文中所说的原因之一。

3． D 第三段说从20世纪60年代开始一直到80年代，调查都显示女性到33岁之后普遍不再购买超短裙。

4． D 从倒数第二段可知，从23岁开始，女性所穿着的超短裙长度从32cm渐增至37cm，主要是因为这个阶段她们普遍有了稳定的恋爱关系。

5． A “zoom”意为迅速增长，故A是最佳答案。

B) decrease C) hold steady D) drop

第四部分 阅读理解

阅读下面的短文，每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择正确的答案。（总分45分，确保21-24分）

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus orgamzations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to \

Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings. \wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends.\

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. \fatten up their resume',\said Heitner. \the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles.\

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up3 for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy.

\

2

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词汇：

bunch/ [b?nt?] /n．群 marathon／['m?r?θɑn] /n．马拉松；耐力活动 fundraiser/['f?nd,reiz?] /n．募捐 weather/[ 'wee?] /v．经受风雨 bureaucracy/[bju?'r?kr?si] /n．官僚机构 注释：

1. Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a$300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky．让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。“putting ...in charge of...”是“让?．负责”。

2. Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。“a survey of students involved in campus organizations”太长了，所以\插到了中间。

3. \是“参加”。 练习：

1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most-student leaders（二段1行）

A) are lazy.

B) are stupid.

D) will not take an interest in it

C) are not rich enough.

2. American students join campus organizations mostly for（三段3行）

A) making a difference. C) building friendship.

B) gaining experience.

D) improving their resumes.

3. Who is Katie Rowley?（五段1行）

A) She's a senior professor. C) She's a senior official.

B) She's a senior student. D) She's a senior citizen.

4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?（七段1行）

A) Passion.

B) Money.

C) Power.

D) Fame.

5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by

A) invent.

B) rewrite. C) polish. D) complete.

答案与题解：

1．D 本题问的是：像募集30万美元的课外活动有点冒险是为什么？答案可以从第二段的第一句话中找到。第一句话是这么说的：大多数学生头头并不想在它们不感兴趣的事上花大量的时问。

2．C 本题问的是：美国学生参加校园组织的主要目的是什么？答案可以从第三段找到。第三段是这么况的：威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任Yvonne Fangmeyer在二月组织了。次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说，寻求友谊是最经常列举的理由。

3．B 本题问的是：Katie Rowley是谁？文章提到了好几个人，Katie Rowley是其中的一个。第五段讲到了Katie Rowley。“a Wisconsin senior”是“威斯康星四年级学生”。

4．A 本题问的是：为了把一项活动顺利地贯彻到底学生头头需要什么？答案可以从倒数第二段找到。第一句话是这么说的：但是，如果没有激情( passion)，学生头头试图经受急风暴雨的考验是会有困难的。

5．C 本题问的是：哪个词替换第6段中的“fatten up”最合适？“fatten up”原义是“使人或动物变肥”，在这里可以解释为使一个人的履历更充实一些，因此也好看一些。因此意思上最接近的是“polish”（润色）。

The only Way Is Up

Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.

The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.

Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift - or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using

the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds,

1

giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.

\breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space3 we carry around with us -- and you just can't choose to move away.'\Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the

background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.

Don't worry about them. They are probably from a university. 词汇：

skyline/['skailain] /n．空中轮廓线 fairground/ ['f??graund] /n.集市场地 tension/['ten??n] /n．紧张 注释：

1．It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.正是这一点在赢得公众对新发明的信心上起了最大的作用。本句使用了强调句型 lt is?that?被强调的是this，所指代的是上文中所说的Otis发明了电梯刹车的事

2．The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts．他们对人所能做的最接近于此的事就是存电梯里观察他们。句中的that指的是上一句中提到的科学家一直对动物园的动物进行观察。

3．about the bubble of personal space有关私人空间的幻想

pulley/['puli] /n.滑轮 bubble/['b?bl] /n.幻想 妄想

2

练习：

1. \that

A) are worried about their past B) have a glorious past to be proud of.

C) want to maintain their traditional image D) are very interested in their own history. 2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in（三段1-2行）

A) the shortage of money. C) backward technology.

B) the lack of a device to carry people upward D) mountains taking up land space.

3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,（四段1行，回归原点，逐项对照，查读）

A) he sold it to the architects and builders immediately B) the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids. C) it was accepted favorably by the public. D) most people had doubt about its safety.

4. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?（五段1行）

A) Fascinating.

B) Uninteresting.

C) Frightening.

D) Exciting.

5. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because（六段2行）

A) here humans behave the way animals do. C) here some people take notes. 答案与题解：

1．C be concerned with是“关心、关注”的意思，顾可排除B和D两个选项，根据前面一句话，these cities是指那些不允许建筑物超出一定高度的城市，即不愿意改变固有形象的城市。

2．B 本题答案的依据在第三段。文中第三段说早在19世纪建造高楼的技术已经存在，限制楼高的因素只有一个，那就是人们下班后不想像爬山那样去爬楼梯，说明当时还没有找到把人往高处送的办法。

3．D 答案在第四段，Otis发明的刹车使人们对这个新玩意儿增加了信心，他在游乐场里让大家试乘了几年才把这个想法出售给建筑师和营造商。

4．B 现在电梯已经十分普通，没有人会觉得乘电梯是件好玩的事。

5．D 电梯的空间狭小，相对拥挤，人们想要享有私人空间的要求在这里完成了幻想，就如同关在动物园笼子里的动物一般，这为心理学家提供了一个研究在这种情况下人的行为难得的机会。

B) people in a lift are all scared.

D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

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