Increasing Your Word Power
1 The same word can perform different roles and functions as different parts of speech. Listed in the box below are some of these words. Complete the following sentences with the words in the box. Make sure that your sentences are grammatically correct. 1) The Nile is one of the principal / major rivers of Africa.
2) Your story is a great one, but I think I can top yours with an even funnier one.
3) My friend Mary is a psychology major at Stanford University.
4) William has always been a hardworking student. It is no wonder he came out
top in the exam again.
5) Mr. Williams is retiring at the end of this year; he has been the principal of this school for 20 years.
6) What did you major in at college, computer science or accounting?
7) I haven’t got time to work on the report yet. My schedule is really tight for this week.
8) Many people advocate / have advocated a reduction in college tuition fees.
9) He started at the bottom and worked his way out to the top.
10) This scientist claims that he has found a new approach to cancer treatment.
11) Don’t blame me if it doesn’t work — it’s not my fault.
12) Shipbuilding used to be of the major / principal industries of this city.
13) He was a strong advocate of free market policies.
14) The railway station is trying to schedule another early train to the capital city of the province.
15) The judge put the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.
16) Most students will get nervous when final exams are approaching.
17) He says that he made his statement to the police under pressure, and that the statement is false.
18) She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.
19) The Government should not be pressured into making hasty decisions.
20) We have a lot to do today, so pace yourself, or you’ll get very tired.
2 In this unit there are many words and phrases that are similar in meaning. Find out those pairs of words and phrases and put them down in the space provided.
Words and phrases that are similar in meaning:
reveal
tentative (questions) achieve super-achiever steer toward be caught
3 In this unit the verb set is collocated with priorities, timetables, and standards. Try to fill in as many nouns as possible that can go with set in the space provided. If you are not sure of some collocations, consult a dictionary. Then make sentences of your own using the collocations in the space provided.
set priorities / timetables / standards / an exam / an alarm / an example / a disclose
possible (questions) attain
straight-A student point toward be trapped
price /a record / limits
1) Who is going to set (the questions for) the exam this time?
2) She forgot to set her alarm last night: that was why she overslept.
3) Her heroic behavior sets a good example for us to follow.
4) We had to compromise and finally the price was set at $ 1,000.
5) We were all pleased to know that Liu Xiang had set a world record in the 110-meter hurdles.
6) The government has set strict limits on pay increases.
4 Did you notice the suffixes -ion, -ation, -ly in words such as education, expectation, deliberately in this unit? The suffixes -ion, -ation can be put after many verbs to form nouns, and -ly can be added to many adjectives to form adverbs. Listed in the box below are some nouns and adverbs with suffixes -ion, -ation, -ly you have come across in this unit. Write down their corresponding verb and adjective forms in the space provided. Nouns with -ion/ation anticipation association contribution edition expectation
Verbs
Adverbs with
-ly
Adjectives
anticipate associate contribute edit expect
concisely deliberately effectively equally immediately
concise deliberate effective equal immediate
frustration participation revision
frustrate participate revise
presumably psychologically ultimately
presumable psychological ultimate
Task 1: Complete each of the following sentences with a proper noun with suffixes -ion, -ation listed above.
1) The dictionary sold well, so the publisher soon printed a second edition.
2) This book had five revisions before it was actually published.
3) Albert Einstein’s most notable contribution to the world is his Theory of Relativity.
4) People are buying extra groceries in anticipation of heavy snowstorms.
5) She couldn’t stand the frustration of not being able to save her husband from the fire.
6) They want greater participation in the decision-making process.
7) Our long association with that company has brought great benefits to both sides.
优等生的秘诀
1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。
2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个基本原则。首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。 3 学生还必须学会有条理。举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。 4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。这样，就可同时复习到两方面的内容。她还透露，她不会浪费下课铃响前的几分钟跟朋友交头接耳，准备随时冲出教室。相反，她会利用这几分钟用两三句话概括那节课的要点，然后在下次上课前浏览这些笔记，加深印象。
5 老师们提倡的致胜秘诀是尽力让自己的作业整洁。有位老师说，学生交上整洁作业就已向高分迈进了一步。在课堂上大胆发言和提问也同样重要，这或许是学生澄清疑问的最好办法。课堂参与还能反映一个学生的求知欲。有个学生概括得好，“好成绩来自透彻的理解”。
6 在一所世界顶级大学进行的一项实验证明了小组学习的价值所在。研究表明，学生们如果一起讨论家庭作业和问题，尝试不同的解决办法，并且互相解释各自的答案，分数就会比那些单独用功的学生要高。实验也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。这就是说，学生们根据笔记设计可能的试题，在考试前一天相互之间进行书面测试或自测。专家们证实，那些能设计模拟试题的学生，往往会在正式考题中发现很多相同的试题，自然能得高分了。
7 优等生使用的另一个技巧是超额完成规定的家庭作业。一位学生透露，老师若是布置五道题，她会做上十道。用她的话说，“练习是学习的一部分。练得越多，学到的也越多。”最后一点同样不容忽视：所有的专家和优秀学生都认为，全优生们之所以成功，父母的功劳至关重要。从孩提时起，父母就给他们灌输学习的重要性，为他们制定高标准，并且引导他们达到这些标准。在学习方面他们给孩子以鼓励，而不是代劳。这些父母从不给孩子施加压力，永远都温柔慈爱，不厌其烦地解释和激励。他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。
上大学的压力 威廉?津瑟
1 身为布兰福德学院的院长，我发觉当今的大学生面临着四种压力：经济压力，来自父母的压力，来自学伴的压力，以及自己给自己的压力。环顾四周，“罪魁祸首”轻而易举便可找到：学校收费太高，老师布置太多作业，父母逼迫孩子太紧，学生对自己要求太严。但在压力问题上，没有恶人，只有受害者。
2 当今的学生生活在一个残酷的经济现实中，学费、住宿费、书本费及这样那样的费用加起来数额不菲。即使一个学生在校期间做兼职，暑期做全职，四年内还是会欠下5,000美元贷款，毕业后一年内就要开始偿还。
3 少数幸运的学生能得到父母的经济援助，钱并不是一个棘手的问题，但是来自父母的压力让他们的日子也不好过。
4 我看到很多学生一门心思修读医学院预科课程，却毫无快乐可言。他们去实验室就像去看牙医一样痛苦。这让我很伤心，因为我知道在生活的其它方面他们是开朗快乐的人。
5 我问他们：“你想学医吗？” 6 他们回答说：“其实并不想。” 7 “那为什么还要进医学院呢？”
8 “嗯，因为我爸妈希望我当医生。他们一直在供我读书，而且……。”
9 可怜的学生，可怜的父母啊！他们被困在一张亘古以来由爱、责任和自责交织而成的网中，难以自拔。父母的本意是好的，他们想引导自己的孩子走向无忧无虑的未来，但孩子们却想攻读历史、古典文学或哲学，这些专业毫无“实用”价值。人文学科的专业有什么回报？要说服这些关爱子女的父母人文学科的专业确有回报并非易事。攻读历史、古典文学等专业而开发出来的智能，正是这种智能造就了商界及其他领域内富有创造力的领袖人物。然而，许多家长还是宁愿出钱供孩子攻读那些面向某一具体职业的课程，比如法律预科、医学预科、商务预科、或者是我有时听到的所谓“财富预科”。 10 可是，学生承受的压力太大，他们简直无所适从了。一方面，他们觉得有义务不辜负父母对自己的期望，毕竟父母比自己年长，该更有智慧吧。但另一方面，他们又觉得，父母认为合适的期望未必适合自己。
11 如同经济压力和来自父母的压力，来自同伴的压力和自己给自己的压力也是交织在一起，而且几乎是从大学一年级刚开学就开始存在了。
12 有一位系主任告诉我：“我知道这么一个大一的学生，姑且叫她琳达吧，她来向我诉说她正承受着可怕的压力，因为室友芭芭拉比她更聪明，一天到晚在学习。我不好告诉她，就在两小时前芭芭拉也来我这里，说了与琳达同样的话。”
13 这件事看来可笑，但实际上并不可笑，这表明所有压力都汇集在一起了。当每个学生都认为别人更为勤奋、成绩更好时，他唯一能做的就是更加努力地学习。我看到许多学生每天吃完晚饭就去图书馆，直到深更半夜图书馆关门才回来。我真希望他们有时能忘掉他们的学伴，去看场电影。我常常在拂晓时分还听到打字机在噼噼啪啪地响，考试来临或论文限期快到时，我能从学生的眼神中看到他们的紧张情绪：“我能把所有的事情做完吗？”
14 他们很可能完成不了。因为他们会生病，脑袋会“僵硬”，无法正常思维；他们要睡觉，而且会睡过头。
15 出现这一问题的部分原因是：他们会远远超额完成任务。老师布置一篇5页的论文，一些学生就会写上10页，而少数人甚至会增加到15页。可怜那些仅仅按照要求完成作业的学生。
16 一位系主任指出：“一旦20％或30％的学生刻意地过分努力，对每个学生来说都不是好事。当一位教师看到班上学生越发地努力，那些只是正常完成作业的学生就会被看作是表现不够好。就心理上而言，这个策略还是有效的。”
17 要打破这些学生陷入的“怪圈”，周围的人们、老师、父母、朋友都能给予帮助，但归根结底还是要靠学生自己。他们太年轻，不该成为父母的梦想和惧怕同学心理的俘虏。我们必须唤醒他们，使他们相信自己是独一无二的、有能力创造自己未来的人。 Listen and Respond
Task One Focusing on the Main Ideas
1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.
1) In this monologue(独白) the speaker mainly talks about ________. A) stories about college life
B) the life of college freshmen C) carefree life of college students
D) differences between college and high school
2) According to the speaker, the freshman experience will ________. A) enable students to find true friendship B) leave a deep impression on every student
C) decide what a student can do in the future D) teach students the importance of responsibility
2 Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information contained in the listening passage. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.
1) T Freshman experience is an unforgettable experience to college students.
2) F Students will feel just as comfortable in their first year at college as in their previous years when they were in high school or back at home.
(Students will be away from the comforts and friendships their home provided for them over the previous years.)
3) T Students are able to find very good friends at college.
4) T Learning to be responsible for oneself at college is very important.
5) F Freshmen should not be concerned with their future careers.
(During the freshman year, students may start thinking about their future. A certain professor, some ongoing school research programs, or a specific area of study, etc. could all be the factors that may influence students’ future careers.)
Task Two Zooming In on the Details
Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.
1) The freshman year at college is, generally speaking, a time filled with
anticipation , some anxiety, and wonderful discoveries .
2) The workload will be heavier and the major challenges of college work are a large amount of reading and writing and the short deadlines .
… …
Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action
2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
1) Rules and regulations should be strictly followed; no one is supposed to
compromise on safety standards.
2) She can’t blame others. She must pay for her self-induced blindness.
3) He steered the boat carefully between the rocks.
4) An examiner must have some knowledge in testing; otherwise he cannot
frame his questions clearly.
5) His last remark demonstrated his lack of knowledge on this subject.
6) Finally the police had to employ force to break up the crowd.
7) He claims that the new teaching approach helps to promote students’ creative ability.
8) The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam. You scored 98 marks whereas most of your classmates failed.
9) Among all the workers interviewed every one agreed that Martin had made an important contribution to the company’s success.
10) I know you did it deliberately , just to annoy me.
11) We should try our best to help those who are in financial difficulty and cannot pay their tuition fees on time.
12) The fast economic growth of our country has attracted the attention of many economists(经济学家), who all think that it is a miracle.
3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
1) Being a mother of two young kids, Sarah always makes a point of spending as much time as she can with them.
2) I looked up the word in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning.
3) The chairman warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would lead to job cuts.
4) Realizing that his retirement(退休)was near at hand , he looked for some additional income.
5) The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.
6) She is constantly under pressure and it is affecting her health.
7) Last but not least, I would like to thank all the people who have given us unselfish assistance throughout these years.
8) We’ve been trying to get back to you, Tom, but we think we took your number down incorrectly.
9) In addition to giving a general introduction to computer science, the course also provides practical experience.
10) All the students were involved in making costumes and scenery for the show.
11) It was a perfectly ordinary day; in other words, I went to work and came home as usual.
12) Critics pointed out that the prince, on his income, should be paying tax.
13) Don’t say it is profitless to do this. The effort will pay off in the long run.
4 Fill in the blanks with words listed in the box below. Change the form where necessary. Then rearrange the given letters to form two words related to college life and complete the final sentence with the two words.
1) All the students in my class s c o r e d well in the quiz this time.
2) The meeting is s c h e d u l e d for Thursday.
3) I’ve been a s s i g n e d the job of looking after the new students.
4) We’ve got to try and m o t i v a t e our salesmen.
5) The success of this experiment is c r u c i a l to the project as a whole.
6) New efforts are needed to p r o m o t e the cause of world peace.
7) Our team p e r f o r m e d very well in the match yesterday.
8) How to solve this problem is still a matter of d e b a t e.
9) I s c a n n e d the list of the names to see if hers was on it.
10) They d e v i s e d a plan for getting the jewels out of the country.
11) He a d v o c a t e d a reduction in military spending at yesterday’s conference.
12) Will you c l a r i f y that statement you made just now?
13) You must learn to set your p r i o r i t i e s in life.
14) He asked more than I was willing to pay, but finally we c o m p r o m i s e d on a price.
15) The report should be considered within its social c o n t e x t.
16) She u n d e r t o o k all the responsibilities for the changes that had been made.
Final sentence: Achieving a c a d e m i c e x c e l l e n c e is a very important part of college life.
a. The shop doesn’t charge for delivery. b. They charge a heavy tax on imported wine.
2) A noun meaning “a person of the same age, class, position, etc. as oneself”: (Para. 1)
Write down the target word here: peer
a. The opinions of his peers are more important to him than his parents’ ideas. b. Children tend to be influenced by peer pressure.
3) A phrase meaning “to arrive at a particular state or position”: (Para. 2) Write down the target phrase here: come to
a. The two brothers quickly came to blows during their quarrel. b. All this sex and violence on the TV — what is the world coming to?
4) A noun meaning “an amount of money that a person, business, etc. borrows, especially from a bank”: (Para. 2) Write down the target word here: loan a. How soon do you have to pay off the loan? b. Jim took out a loan to pay for his car.
5) A noun meaning “the total produced when numbers, amounts, etc., are added together”: (Para. 2)
Write down the target word here: sum
a. I had to spend a large sum of money to have my damaged car repaired.
b. The company was sold for an undisclosed sum.
6) An adjective meaning “involving the use of imagination to produce new and original ideas or things”: (Para. 9)
Write down the target word here: creative
a. A creative person has the ability to invent and develop original ideas, especially in the arts.
b. This job is so boring. I wish I could do something more creative.
7) A verb meaning “to make sb. feel it necessary to do sth., especially because of a sense of duty”: (Para. 10)
Write down the target word here: obligate
a. He felt obligated to visit his parents every weekend.
b. Do you feel obligated to see your teacher who is now in the hospital?
2 Match the words in Column A with the meanings in Column B. Put the corresponding letter in the blank after each word.
Column A Column B
1) project b a. difficult to deal with; not easy
2) unique e b. a piece of work that needs skill, effort, and careful planning
3) tough a c. being expected to happen at a particular time 4) due c d. (a feeling of) nervous anxiety, worry, or pressure 5) tension d e. being the only one of its type
6) solution f f. answer to a problem, question, difficulty
3 Rewrite each of the following sentences with a phrase that appears in Text B. Focus on the italicized parts. The number of the paragraph in which the target phrase appears is given in brackets.
1) Don’t worry. He might accept our suggestion if someone tries to influence him properly. (Para. 1)
Don’t worry. He might accept our suggestion if someone works on him properly.
2) He is studying French as the chief subject at the university. (Para. 9)
He is majoring in French at the university.
3) Sandra was determined to become a doctor and after 10 years her persistence (坚持不懈) became successful and profitable. (Para. 9)
Sandra was determined to become a doctor and after 10 years her persistence paid off.
4) Of course I admire her — in spite of everything, she is a great politician? (Para. 10)
Of course I admire her — after all, she is a great politician.
5) The story of Linda and Barbra in Text B is symptomatic of all the pressures
combined. (Para. 13)
The story of Linda and Barbra in text B is symptomatic of all the pressures put together.
6) May I draw your attention to the fact that if we don’t leave now we shall miss the bus? (Para. 16)
May I point out that if we don’t leave now we shall miss the bus?
Checking Your Comprehension
1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.
1) What does the writer mean by “brutal economy”?
Para. 2 in the text provides the answer. Studying at college means a huge sum of money to pay for tuition, room and board, books and many other expenses. A student may have a loan of up to $5,000 when he graduates, and this same student has to work both part-time and full-time whenever possible at college.
2) Why are humanities courses not popular with parents?
Parents want to make sure that their children have a secure future and they don’t think that humanities subjects with no “practical” value will pay off.
3) What are the possible reactions of a student who suffers from peer pressure?
Examples of possible reactions include:
a. always thinking other students are brighter and study harder;
b. studying at the library as late as possible; c. doing homework till early morning;
d. getting into a panic when exams are approaching and papers are due; e. getting sick and stuck;
f. oversleeping due to tiredness; and g. doing more than expected.
4) Who can help to free students from the pressures they suffer from?
Professors, parents, and friends can help to free students from the pressures they suffer from, but it is the students themselves who should relieve themselves of the pressures.
5) Explain in your own words why, according to the text, economic pressure is closely connected with parental pressure, and peer pressure with self-induced pressure.
a. Students normally find it hard to cope with different kinds of fees at college without parental help. However, when students do get financial help from their parents, they will feel obligated to follow their parents’ advice, sometimes against their own will, because after all, their parents are paying all their expenses at college.
b. When a student thinks that his / her peers are brighter and study harder, he / she will push himself / herself more, which will in turn induce more pressure on himself / herself.
2 Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement. 1) T Without parental help, a student may be expected to have a large loan to pay back after graduation.
2) F Many students dream of becoming dentists.
(Many students don’t want to take pre-medical courses. So they go off to their labs as if they were going to see a dentist.)
3) T Knowledge in the humanities can help create leaders in all general fields.
4) T Lawyers, doctors and businessmen usually earn more than most of other people.
5) F Students who finish an assignment up to requirements will be given the same credits as those who have done more.
(When most students are doing more than they are expected to, those who are doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well.)
3 Listed in the left column are the four pressures faced by college students and in the right column are causes or consequences linked to the pressures. Relate the causes or consequences to the types of
pressure by following the example given. Some causes or consequences can be related to more than one type of pressure.
Types of Pressure A. economic pressure ( a, d )
B. parental pressure ( b, c )
C. peer pressure ( e, f, g )
D. self-induced pressure ( e, f, g )
Causes or Consequences
a. loans to pay
b. taking some courses unwillingly c. taking courses with “practical value” d. heavy tuition fees, expenses on rooms and books
e. thinking some fellow students are working harder
f. staying in the library till very late g. doing more work than required
4 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicized parts.
1) But there are no villains; only victims. (Para. 1)
Nobody is to blame for the pressures college students are suffering; all involved are victims.
2) They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. (Para. 4)
Many students who are taking pre-medical courses don’t like this major at all.
3) They are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. (Para. 9)
Parents and children are trapped in an age-old struggle between feelings of love, duty and guilt arising out of their different outlooks.
4) “Will I get everything done?” (Para. 13)
The student is totally worn out and has become suspicious of his / her own ability.
5) Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment. (Para. 15)
The students who just fulfill what they are asked to do are put at a disadvantaged position.
6) The tactic works, psychologically. (Para. 16)
Teachers are likely to give a higher credit to students who do more than expected.
Optional Classroom Activities
1 Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss each of the following questions.
1) Do college students in China suffer from the same pressures mentioned in Text B? Are there any differences?
Most students perhaps will say “yes” to this question as the four kinds of pressure mentioned in the text are also felt by Chinese university students. The only significant difference, perhaps, lies in the fact that Chinese university students enjoy more financial support from their parents than their American counterparts.
2) What is your major? Who chose this major, you or your parents? Are you happy with your major so far? Give reasons.
Answers will vary depending on who the student is and what family background he or she comes from.
3) Are you working part time while being a full-time student? If so, why are you working part time? If not, do you think it’s good to work part time while being a full-time student?
Some students in China are working part time while being full-time students. Some work because they need money to cover their expenses at college; some work because they think working experience is important for them.
2 Sit in groups and discuss with your classmates the learning methods effective in achieving academic excellence you agree with. Write down your answers in the space provided in the following table.
Learning Methods Effective in Achieving Academic Excellence
a. master and apply basic principles b. be organized c. schedule one’s time
d. treat every assignment seriously and participate in class
e. join in group study f. do supplementary readings …
3 Learning styles are different from person to person. Some people prefer to study individually while others prefer to study
collaboratively(合作地), that is, in a group. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Discuss this question in groups and put down your answers in the space provided.
Advantages of Studying
Individually
a. better concentration b. at one’s own pace
c. can study any time and anywhere …
Disadvantages of Studying
Individually
a. with no one to share ideas and ask questions
b. may feel bored sometimes c. …
Advantages of Studying
Collaboratively
Disadvantages of Studying
Collaboratively
a. discuss problems together and hence a. possible distractions
achieve better understanding b. may not be time-effective b. enjoyable to work with someone else sometimes c.
c.
8) I usually enjoy his films, but this latest one didn’t come up to my
expectations.
Task 2: Correct the mistakes in the following paragraph, paying special attention to the use of adjectives and adverbs. Underline the mistakes and write down your corrections in the space below. If you think there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.
1 My sister is learning French as her second foreign language in her university.
2 She finds a second foreign language is very useful, especial in today’s world
3 where people from different countries find it necessarily to communicate
4 frequent with each other. She spends about two hours every day, practising
5 French pronunciation and reading one or two short stories. She often says
6 that she finds French words easily to remember because many of the words
7 in French are similar to their English equivalents in spelling. Though
8 she is a quiet girl and likes to do individually study, she always
9 finds as much chances as she can to speak French to her classmates, who
10 also think it high enjoyable to conquer a new language. My sister is
11 interested in French movies and French songs, too. It is apparently that she is
12 making remarkably progress. Last night she claimed to the whole family
13 that she would probable go to France to study after her graduation. I think
14 she meant every word of it.
1) No mistake 2) especially 3) necessary 4) frequently 5) No mistake 6) easy 7) No mistake 8) individual 9) many 10) highly 11) apparent 12) remarkable 13) probably 14) No mistake
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Decide which one is correct by crossing out the wrong one. 1) People go to university / the university to increase their knowledge.
People go to university to increase their knowledge.
2) The family were at the table / at table when the telephone rang.
The family were at table when the telephone rang.
3) There is Jack Robinson / a Jack Robinson waiting to see you in the hall.
There is a Jack Robinson waiting to see you in the hall.
4) We are striving for a world / the world with no poverty, no hurt and no hatred.
We are striving for a world with no poverty, no hurt and no hatred.
5) The Olympic Games / Olympic Games for 2016 will be held in Rio de Janeiro.
The Olympic Games for 2016 will be held in Rio de Janeiro.
Task 2: Insert an appropriate article in each blank, using ? to stand for ZERO article:
When your personal wealth is greater than (1) the gross domestic product of a small European country, finding (2) an incentive (动机) to get out of (3) ? bed on (4) a chilly Monday morning in Seattle is never going to be easy. So it’s perhaps no great surprise that Bill Gates, (5) the world’s richest man, has decided to walk away from his day-to-day involvement with Microsoft, and use his full attention to oversee how (6) the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation spends its ￡16 billion on philanthropy (慈善).
Ever since (7) the industrial revolution, wealthy self-made businessmen and women have felt (8) a calling to create (9) a legacy (遗赠；遗产) that goes beyond (10) a profit and loss sheet. The saying “He, who dies rich, dies disgraced” runs deeply through (11) the business community.
Out of all (12) the great philanthropists, the career path of Bill Gates appears to be (13) ? closest to that of (14) the oil millionaire John Rockefeller, (15) the founder of Standard Oil — (16) a company that eventually evolved into (17) ? ExxonMobil. Both were self-made men and both became (18) the richest men on (19) the planet. Rockefeller was in his late fifties when he turned his attention full time to philanthropy. Now Gates follows suit in his early fifties. “It was (20) a hard decision for me,” he said recently. “I’m very lucky to have two passions that I feel are so important and so challenging.” “With great wealth comes great responsibility.” He adds. Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
How can students do well at school? Are straight-A students always those who are the brightest? Students are very interested in getting answers to questions like these as achieving academic (1) excellence is, and will always be, one of their top priorities (2) at school. A professor of education who has recently conducted (3) a survey on the subject revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. When some basic principles (4) are followed, everyone can become a top student. To begin (5) with, study should always be the number one priority (6)for a student. Study time is always guaranteed(保证) and should never be compromised (7) for personal recreation such as movies, TV programs or snacks. In addition (8), learning to be organized is very important. Keeping everything in its place and filing (9) class notes in order are
two good examples. Speaking (10) up in class and asking questions is another winning formula (11). A student can clarify any doubts by asking questions. Participation / Participating (12) in group study is another help. By framing tentative test questions based (13) on class notes, students can help each other prepare for tests. Last but not least (14), always hand in neat work. A student who turns in neat work is already on the way (15) to scoring an A. A student may suffer from different kinds of pressure (16) at school, but if he follows these principles in his studies, sooner or later he will become a top student.
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1) 法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名。(disclose)
The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.
2) 老师费尽苦心务使我们全都理解他说的话。(take pains to do sth.)
The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.
3) 最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查。(conduct, attain)
Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence.
4) 他说他要接受这份工作，我们要求他写封信证实。(confirm)
He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter.
5) 乔治学习很努力，他要尽量利用学习的机会。(make the most of)
George studies very hard. He wants to make the most of his chance to learn.
6) 我们不能去。第一，天太冷。另外，我们正忙着。(to begin with)
We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’re busy.
7) 该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。(speak up)
It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths / facts.
8) 此时此刻你应该工作而不该在床上躺着。(instead of)
You should be working instead of lying there in bed at this time of the day.
9) 他发言时，我要记些笔记。(jot down)
I’ll jot down some notes while he’s speaking.
10) 我自己无法提起这个箱子，它太重了。(on one’s own)
I can’t carry the suitcase on my own; it’s too heavy.
I Directions: In the text, the author tells us some secrets in becoming a top student. Please scan the text and find out what these secrets are. Tick the right ones.
?
1) A top student should be the brightest one in the class.
?
2) Study time is more important than recreation.
?
3) Night is the best time to study.
?
4) Consistency in one's study time is a main factor.
?
5) Learning to be organized is important.
?
6) Effective reading is a useful technique.
?
7) Scheduling one's time properly is essential for a top student.
?
8) Taking notes as detailed as possible is a winning formula.
?
9) Classroom participation is an important factor for academic excellence.
?
10) Studying together will help a student to be a top one.
?
11) The value of hypothetical tests is obvious.
?
12) Do more homework is another useful technique.
?
13) Parents contribute greatly to a top student.
o
正确答案：2,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13
II Directions: Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the information in the text. Mark T for True and F for False.
T
T
F F
1) Others can also learn the basic success principles of the top students.
2) Straight-A students use every minute to study.
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F F F F F F F F
3) Being organized helps one improve his study efficiency.
4) Setting a timetable ensures study time and prevents procrastinating.
5) Top students make good use of their class time to understand the lesson.
6) Neatness of one's homework is valued more than correctness.
7) Better understanding may come from more classroom participation.
8) Studying together helps improve scores.
9) The value of hypothetical tests lies in the students' ability to read the teacher's mind.
10) The parents of super-achievers encourage and motivate their children.
o
正确答案：1) T 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) T
III Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices. Please choose the best choice according to Text A to complete the sentence.
1) It is far more important for a student to know how to __________.
o
A) please some professors and experts
o
B) master the basic principles to be a top student
o
C) balance his studies and recreation
o
D) make the most of his innate abilities
2) A top student may do the following things except __________.
o
A) filing the day's notes in colour-coded folders
o
B) keeping things in their proper places
o
C) learning new words in his math class
o
D) being involved in his school band
3) One student writes notes from the text on one side of her notebook and those from her teachers' lectures on the other side because she wants to __________.
o
A) go over both aspects of each lesson at once
o
B) save paper and live an eco-friendly life
o
C) compare the notes and ask teachers questions in class
o
D) make full use of her class time
4) Classroom participation is very important because it helps students in many aspects except __________.
o
A) clarifying their doubts
o
B) demonstrating their intelligence
o
C) satisfying their curiosity
o
D) leading to a better understanding
5) Top students do more than the assigned homework because __________.
o
A) they have more time due to their efficiency
o
B) their parents set high standards for them
o
C) their teachers encourage them to work harder
o
D) they want to learn more by practicing more
o
正确答案：1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B 5) D
IV Directions: Please compare your study habits with the suggested principles in the text. Are they the same or different? Please write a paragraph about your understanding of becoming a straight-A college student.
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