自考英语二题型串讲及解析

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minibus 小型公共汽车，面包车；miniskirt 超短裙 misunderstand 误解；mistake

nonstop 不停的；non-defective 没有缺陷的；non-smoker非 postwar 战后的；postdoctor 博士后

preview 预习；predict 预言

rewrite 重写；review 复习；retell 复述 subway 地铁；submarine 潜水艇 superman; supermarket

telephone; telescope 望远镜；telegram 电报 tricycle

underestimate; understatement

二、合成法

如：output, by-product, duty-free, undergo, overthrow 推翻 三、转换法

词形不变，单词的词性发生转变。如：dream, look, back等。 特别强调：易混淆或拼错的重要单词及其变化形式： mystery-mysterious misery-miserable benefit-beneficial influence-influential

prepare-preparation-preparatory repeat-repetition-repetitive

compete-competition-competitive-competitor

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Use the correct form of the words in the brackets to

fill in the blanksHis words are very ________ (influence) to the change of life attitude. Honestly speaking, his words are greatly _______ (benefit).A． influencial, benefitialB． influencial, benefitalC． influential, beneficalD． influential, beneficial【答案】D

【解析】本题考查重要单词influence和benefit的派生形容词的正确拼法。题干中两个句子中空格处要填的词都是作表语的形容词，influence的形容词形式是influential，benefit的形容词形式是beneficial，故选D。【知识点】重要单词的派生词 长、宽、高类形容词的派生词 long-length-lengthen deep-depth-deepen strong-strength-strengthen wide-width-widen broad-breadth-broaden

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high-height-heighten weak-weakness-weaken short-shortness-shorten

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Use the correct form of the words in the brackets to

fill in the blanksThey are going to talking about the differences between the two countries in ________ (deep) at the summit, whose aim is to _______ (deep) mutual understandings between the two countries.A． depth, endeepB． deepness, endeepC． depth, deepenD． deepth, deepen【答案】C

【解析】本题考查deep的派生名词和动词的正确拼法。deep的名词形式为depth，in

depth意为\仔细地，详细地\；deep的动词形式为deepen，意为\加深\。故选C。该句的意思是\他们准备在峰会上详细谈论两国的分歧，这次峰会的目的就是要加深两国的相互了解。\【知识点】长、宽、高类形容词的派生词 Passage 1 （选自大纲样题） The Environment: Our Responsibility

1 These days it is impossible (possible) to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are doing to the environment. The earth is being 41 threatened(threaten) and the future looks bad. What can each of us do?

2 We cannot clean up our 42 polluted(pollute) rivers and seas overnight. Nor can we stop the 43 disappearance(appearance) of plants and animals. But we can stop adding to the problem while 44 scientists(science) search for answers, and laws are passed in nature's 45 defense/defence(defend). It may not be easy to change your lifestyle 46 completely(complete) but some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of 47 driving(drive) you do, or use as little plastic as possible. It is also easy to save energy, which also reduces housing 48 bills(bill). We must all make a personal 49 decision(decide) to work for the future of our planet if we want to 50 ensure(sure) a better world for our grandchildren.

小贴士：类似于以往考试中的词性转换的形式，注重句子结构的分析，分析句子成分是正确答题的关键。

Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1） Careful Use of Words

1 Words are powerful and can be very (0)damaging (damage) when used carelessly. They have the power to evoke potent emotions and they can help inspire, (41)encourage (courage) and motivate people. They can transform the world that we live in and in a crisis they can be your strongest ally同盟者，助手 or your most damaging opponent.

2 One should always be very (42) careful (care) when using words, but this is especially so in the midst of a crisis. Who can forget when, during the middle of the largest oil spill in US history, the Chief Executive of BP, Tony Hayward,

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said \ particularly (particular) careful in framing its response. While attempting to assert control it also needs to be aware of the (44) implication (implicate) of the response and what it may mean in the future. Framed properly, a (45) trained (train) spokesperson can use their language to calm nerves during a very anxious time and can give the public an (46) impression (impress) that the company is in control and working hard to resolve the crisis.

3 The language in all crisis (47) communication (communicate) materials沟通材料 should be carefully managed and reviewed. Have all professional expressions and academic language been removed and adapted? The language should be simple and self-explanatory. Are the communication materials (48) respectful (respect) of all audiences including stakeholders利益相关者, employees, media and the general public? Are words the best method to explain what happened? It may be useful to

have a graphic形象的，图表的 (49)designer (design) /photographer available to allow you to communicate clearly what happened in a simple and (50) logical (logic) way. Can your press release be converted into 140 characters or less for Twitter? It's unlikely - prepare alternative strategies to allow you to engage via social media channels.

4 A serious crisis can destroy companies and/or individuals. However, proper preparation combined with an appropriate response can actually help improve the reputation of both. Language is a powerful weapon and should be treated as such in all communications.

Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 2） Crude Oil

1 Although crude oil is still (O)vastly (vast) available in the earth's crust地壳, it is not a/an (41)infinite (finite) resource. At some point it will eventually

be (42) exhausted耗尽的(exhaust).（注exhaustive意为详尽的，彻底的） The demand for crude oil has increased by gigantic proportions. However, (43)discovering (discovery) of new oil fields and investing in the oil industry have helped keep up with the (44) increasing (increase) demand for oil. The crucial question is, how long will the oil resources last?

2 (45) Advanced (advance) technology has made drilling oil more (46) effective (effect) and efficient. With the aid of new methods it is possible to draw almost 65% of the oil as opposed to与?相比 the old methods. Better

infrastructure基础设施 and more (47) investment (invest) have also made the drilling of oil wells more effective. Currently most (48) transportation (transport) is dependent on oil and many industries are born out of or lean on byproducts of petroleum石油. Although alternative sources of energy are now (49) applied (apply), like solar and wind energy, it is still a long way to be completely

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(50) independent (dependent) of crude oil. Passage 4 （选自Self-Assessment 3） Body Image

1 Nowadays, a large number of people are (0) encouraged (courage) to be

dissatisfied with their bodies by plastic surgeons整形外科医生, diet plans, and diet pills - all of which foster that (41) dissatisfaction (satisfaction) to make a profit. However, in my opinion, to build a positive body image requires a (42) balanced (balance) diet and (43) healthy (health) lifestyle.

2 In daily life, to eat more fruits and vegetable than meat will help us keep fit. The best way to keep ourselves in shape is to do some (44) vigorous (vigor)

exercise every day. Instead of feeling self-conscious and (45) shameful 可耻的，丢脸的/ ashamed羞愧的，惭愧的(shame), or believing your body is a shame of personal (46) failure (fail) and that you are not as attractive as everyone else, you should have a real and clear (47) perception (perceive) of your body parts, appreciate your body for the way it is, and feel (48) comfortable (comfort) and confident.

3 When we love ourselves rather than covet垂涎，觊觎 and pine for渴望 (49) impossible (possible) standards, we are happier, healthier and ultimately more (50)fulfilled (fulfill).（注：fulfilling令人满意的，令人高兴的）

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第七部分：短文写作 （第51题，30分） 一、基本写作步骤 1．审题

所谓审题，就是审清作文的要求和所给的材料，如图表说明、关键词、段首句、提纲等等。审题是写作的第一步，也是文章成功的关键所在之一。在考试之中，由于时间仓促，心情紧张，匆忙审题，造成离题万里的现象屡见不鲜。因此可以说能否审清题意是作文、乃至考试成败的关键。在平时进行写作练习的时候，就要有意识地养成认真审题，仔细研究的良好习惯。

弄清作文要求之后，就要确定文章的主题思想。主题思想明确、深刻，才能确保文章言之有物，顺理成章。围绕主题去构思、写作文章，才能思路清晰，不致节外生枝离题万里。 2．提纲

提纲有利于作者理清思路。尤其在考场上，根据提纲写作，能写出层次分明，逻辑性强，表意清晰的好文章，可避免考试时由于情绪紧张而造成的不应有的失误。

提纲有多种类型，可详可略，写作时也可根据自己的经验和特点编写适合于自己的提纲。常见的提纲种类有罗列式提纲、主题式提纲、句子式提纲。所谓罗列式提纲，就是根据题目和所给材料，围绕中心思想，罗列一系列相关的词、短语或句子。主题式提纲比较简略，只写出文章的主题思想即可，写作时依据主题思想，围绕重点，进行扩充和展开。句子式提纲比较详细，顾名思义，就是用句子把文章的主要观点写出来。 3．成文

文章的组织结构：一定要按所列提纲写。一般分为开头、正文、结尾3部分 （1）开头；如引语法、主题句法、提问法、事例法、描述法等。 常用句式：

① There is an old /popular saying /proverb which says /goes?..

② Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the importance/ seriousness of …

③There are different opinions among people as to ?Some believe ? Others, however, disagree with it. They think…

④?.has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. ⑤ One of our ancient philosophers said, ?..Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality. (2) 主体： 要注意启承转合，常用句型：

① On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ??. They believe ?..Moreover, they think…..

② There are many ways to ?.. First, _____. Second _____. Finally, ______. ③ Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to _____. For one thing, ____. For another, ______. Finally, _______. (也可用于结尾) ④ Although the popular belief is a fact, a current study(survey/investigation) indicates that...

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