潘琦佳木斯大学毕业论文

佳木斯大学毕业论文

基于单片机的空气质量检测系统

学 院 信息电子技术 专 业 通信工程 班 级 12级1班 学 籍 号 12109940619 姓 名 潘琦 指导教师 田静

佳 木 斯 大 学

2016年6月10日

佳木斯大学学士学位论文

摘要

随着工业发展，国民经济日益增长，人民生活指数也在不断提高。但是给环境却带来不可逆的影响，因为空气质量的恶化，使人类引起一系列呼吸道病症，危害身心健康。国家政府出台政策，一方面从源头控制污染源，一方面增加空气质量监控。各大中城市也将PM2.5作为天气预报一项重要指标，时时提醒市民关注环境。本设计就是基于51系列单片机的PM2.5监控预警系统，对环境里的PM2.5浓度进行实时监控，预警。

本设计以STC89C52单片机为控制核心，用夏普GP2Y1010AU0F传感器实时采集空气中粉尘情况，然后由ADC0832模数转化芯片，将从粉尘传感器采集到的模拟信号转化成数字信号，然后传给单片机进行精确换算，在LCD1602液晶屏显示当前空气粉尘浓度和显示预置报警阈值，按键可以设置系统粉尘报警阈值，蜂鸣器报警模块可在环境PM2.5浓度超过设置值时进行报警。本系统电路稳定性高、抗干扰能力强，处理速度快，功耗低，操作简便，实时精准显示，实时反馈环境因素。

关键字：PM2.5；单片机；粉尘浓度；GP2Y1010AU0F；报警

i 佳木斯大学信息电子技术学院 佳木斯大学学士学位论文

Abstract

With the industrial development of the national economy growing, people living index is also rising. But the environment has brought irreversible impact because of the deterioration in air quality, weather haze phenomenon increased hazard phenomenon worse. National government policies, on the one hand to control pollution from the source, on the one hand increase the air quality monitoring. PM2.5 major cities will also be an important indicator as the weather forecast, remind the public concern for the environment. This design is based on the 51 computers PM2.5 monitoring system on the environment in the PM2.5 concentration time monitoring, early warning. Thisdesign STC89C52RC microcontroller to control the core, Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F sensor to collect dust in the air situation, LCD1602 display shows the current air concentration of dust and display the preset alarm threshold size, the keys can set the system dust alarm threshold, the buzzer alarm module can alarm when the ambient PM2.5 concentration exceeds the set value. System works: collected by the sensor in the air PM2.5 PM2.5 concentration, and then converted to a digital signal through ADC0832 for STC89C52RC microcontroller reads, after the system conversion, real-time display of the current PM2.5 concentration, and then set value, if less than the set value, the system remains; if it exceeds the set value, the system will alarm to alert the PM2.5 concentration exceeded. The system circuit is simple, stable, highly integrated, easy to debug, high precision, has some practical value.

Key words：Alarm;Dust concentration;GP2Y1010AU0F;PM2.5

ii 佳木斯大学信息电子技术学院 佳木斯大学学士学位论文

目录

摘要 ............................................................................................................................. i Abstract ...................................................................................................................... ii

第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 课题研究背景 ............................................................................................. 1 1.2课题研究的目的和意义 ................................................................................. 1 1.3 课题的主要内容 .......................................................................................... 2 第2章 设计方案论证.............................................................................................. 3

2.1 题目解析 ..................................................................................................... 3 2.2 方案论证与设计 .......................................................................................... 3

2.2.1 控制部分的方案选择 ......................................................................... 3 2.2.2 显示部分的方案选择 ......................................................................... 4 2.2.3 传感器模块的方案选择 ..................................................................... 4 2.2.4 模数转化模块的方案选择 ................................................................. 4 2.3 系统方案论证 ............................................................................................. 5 第3章 硬件电路设计.............................................................................................. 6

3.1 单片机最小系统 ........................................................................................... 6 3.2 ADC0832模数转化模块 ............................................................................. 8 3.3 液晶屏显示模块 .......................................................................................... 9 3.4 夏普PM2.5传感器 .................................................................................... 10 3.5 蜂鸣器 ........................................................................................................ 12 3.6 按键电路 .................................................................................................... 12 3.7 污染级别提醒电路和程序下载电路........................................................... 12 3.8总体原理图 ................................................................................................... 13 第4章 软件部分设计............................................................................................. 14

4.1 系统流程设计 ............................................................................................ 14 4.2 ADC0832模数转化部分设计 ....................................................................... 15 第5章 仿真部分 .................................................................................................... 17

5.1 PWM驱动 .................................................................................................. 17 5.2 Keil的应用 ................................................................................................... 17 5.3Proteus的应用 ............................................................................................... 18 结论 ........................................................................................................................... 20 I 佳木斯大学信息电子技术学院 佳木斯大学学士学位论文

致 谢 ....................................................................................................................... 21 参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 22 附录1 系统原理图 ................................................................................................. 24 附录2 元器件清单 ................................................................................................. 25 附录3 程序清单 ..................................................................................................... 26 附录4 外文参考资料翻译（原文、译文） ............................................................ 32

II 佳木斯大学信息电子技术学院

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