句子成分

考点1. 状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。 He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语) This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词，作状语） He runs very slowly.

（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，作状语） Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）

A. 几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：

I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning. He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.

B. 英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大 先写时间，再写上/下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最后写几几年。

I invited him to watch a movie at 5 p.m. on Thursday, August 28th, 2015.

I was born at 6 a.m., March 16, 2000. He lives at 1120 Green Street, London.

C. 频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句

中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。

You can never tell what he will do. He is often late.

He is always helping others. He often came late. D. 状语按意义分类

在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。 练习1. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。 1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

3. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.

4. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.

7. To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very

interested in business.

8. The boy needs a pen very much. 9. The boy really needs a pen.

10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 11. She works very hard though she is old. 12. I am taller than he is.

13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a

pen. 考点2. 同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。如：

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”） It’s good to us students. 练习2. 画出下列句中的同位语。

1. The young man, my brother, works in the office. 2. Our English teacher, Mrs. Wang, often helps us with

study. 3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the

train.

I. 单句改错

根据所学主语相关内容，改正下列句中的错误。 1. Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

2. Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 3. Play basketball is my favorite sport. 4. Give up English is not an option.

5. By doing part-time jobs can help them gain social

experience. 6. Without a friend will feel lonely. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

7. They planned______(take) two days off next week. 8. He practiced ______ (speak) English every day. 9. Here ______(be) your books.

10. On the wall ______ (hang) two pictures. III. 写作技能提升 A. 注意句子主语的形式。

11. 在我看来，早睡早起将对我们的健康有好处。（in my

opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to,

our health）

12. 他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（he failed the exam, make, upset）

13. 在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。（between the

two tall buildings, stand, teaching building）

14. 我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很

有帮助。（what we are learning now, be of great help to, our life and work, in the future） B. 用形容词作后置定语。

15. 你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗？（know, next to） 16. 尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。（send…to, nearest to,

as soon as possible）

17. 我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。（dining hall,

large enough, hold） C. 注意状语的顺序。

18. 那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。（do his homework,

in the classroom, carefully, at that moment）

19. 上周日我们在校园内栽了很多树。（plant lots of trees,

in the schoolyard）

20. 他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。（perform

incredibly well, speech contest） D. 注意频度副词的位置。

21. 我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。（will, forget, what

he told me, never）

22. 我经常去那家超市。（frequently, the supermarket） 23. 他总是帮助别人。（always, helping）

24. 我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。（never, treat an

old man like that, should）

25. 活到老，学到老。（one, never, too old to learn）

I. 单句改错

1. 【2007辽宁】Three plates were already on the table

when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it. 2. 【2005全国Ⅰ】For the most part, students working to

earn money for their own use. 3. 【2014大纲卷】So real friendship should able to stand

all sorts of tests. 4. 【2008天津】I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this

experience. 5. 【2013 四川】I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send

your flowers, so I’m writing to you.

6. 【2008安徽】We thought the biscuits were great. “Let’s

got some more,” I said, “They’re cheap and they really

taste well.” （两处错误）

7. Others, however, against staying at home. 8. Exams should neither too difficult nor too easy. 9. There are many taxi drivers are women.(可改多处) 10. There has a big tree in front of our school. 11. They often lonely.

12. Eggs go badly easily in summer. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

13. There ______ (exist) many problems with the project. 14. There ______ (be) going to be three meetings tomorrow. 15. The shop stays ______ (open) at night. 16. My mother bought a birthday cake ______ me. 17. There happened to ______ a bird flying above. 18. There ______ (lie) a swimming pool over there. 19. 【2014湖北】The Public Square is an eye-catching sight

of the city. There______(stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. III. 写作技能提升

A. 不要忘了使用系动词。

20. 那食物很可口，我吃了很多。（the food, delicious） 21. 那个电影好极了。（the movie, fantastic）

22. 不过呢，一些人反对这个计划。（however, against, the

plan）

23. 他们的意见如下。（their opinion, as follows） 24. 就我而言，我赞成这个主意。（as far as I’m concerned, in

favor of）

B. 活用双宾语句式，用两种方法翻译下列句子。 25. 他给我提了一些建议。（offer, some advice） 26. 我欠他很多钱。（owe）

27. 在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。（buy,

a special gift）

28. 他给我做了一个纸飞机。（make, paper plane） 29. 他给我们读了一个有趣的故事。（read, an interesting

story）

30. 他的叔叔留给他很多钱。（leave, a lot of money） 31. 他让我们看了一张世界地图。（show）

32. 请把熊猫的照片寄给我一张。（send, a photo of the

panda）

C. 正确利用两个“有”there be与have 33. 我有许多好朋友。

34. 今天晚上将有一场电影。 35. 公园内有许多人。 36. 树上有许多小鸟。

37. 一条狗有四条腿和一条尾巴。

I. 单句改错 A. 注意分句连接

1. 【2014新课标Ⅰ】 Although we allow tomato plants to

grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 2. 【2005天津】As she gave it to me, when the phone rang

and she went to answer it. 3. 【2006全国Ⅰ】They did not want breakfast because that

they were going out early in the morning. 4. 【2004全国Ⅱ】But I have spent most my money, so I

cannot even go out of town. （不要受心理定势影响） 5. 【2013 辽宁】With little sleep and hardly any break, so

he works from morning till night. 6. 【2013 新课标Ⅰ】He had a deep voice, which set him

apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. 7. 【2009陕西】Some friends of his go to see him everyday,

they take him lots of good books and fresh fruit. 8. My name is Zhang Hong, and 20 years old. B. 注意并列成分

9. 【2014大纲卷】The understanding between two friends

means both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 10. 【2014新课标Ⅱ】We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat

by the lake listening to music. 11. 【2005湖北】In other words, they help to keep people

strong and feel good. 12. 【2009重庆】However, every kind of Chinese food is

worth trying, because each has a delicious taste and good for health. 13. I didn’t communicate with others in English and not

willing to practice it either. 14. 【2012全国大纲Ⅰ】For example, how many times have

you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television on when no one else was there? 15. 【2008浙江】I headed for the company, feeling sure I

would easily finish 300 envelops in five hours and to earn the money. 16. 【2015课标Ⅱ】A woman saw him crying and telling him

to wait outside a shop. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

（由高考真题中改错题改编）

17. 【2004天津】At weekends, we would play basketball,

______（游泳） in the pool or go for a picnic. 18. 【2004全国Ⅱ】I am thinking of making a trip to

London, and ______（visit）the British Museum and some parks.

19. 【2004湖南】Then, I put my book under my desk,

______ (open) it and started looking for the answers. 20. 【2004福建】She stopped to look out of the window and

______ (find) a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor’s house. 21. 【2005浙江】At first I was not quite willing to sit down

and ______ (观看) the 90-minute football match. 22. 【2011浙江】I guessed, even at that age, I would never

be able to enjoy playing with the toy or ______ （面对） my cousin again. III. 写作技能提升

23. 非常感谢你，你不仅给了我生命，而且教我如何做一

个好人。（thank you very much for, not only, but also） 24. 我特别喜欢坐在你身旁，听你讲故事。（particularly

enjoy, tell stories）

25. 在过去，我们不得不静静地坐在桌旁，听老师讲。（had

to, in silence, pay attention to, what）

26. 我仍然记得那天很早就起床，对那个新世界感到忧虑。（remember, feel anxious about the new world）

27. 我梦想站在教室的讲台上，给可爱的孩子上课。

（dream of, platform, give lessons to）

答案

第一章 句子结构及成分

第1讲 相关概念 练习1. 指出下列句中画线动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 1.vi. 2. vt. 3. vi. 4. vi. 5. vt. 6. vi. 7. vi. 8. vt.；vt. 9. vt. 10. vi. 练习2. 1.去掉of 5. 去掉into 2. 在think后加of 6. 去掉with 11. Beyond the village lies a small village. (介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的名词短语) 12. Now comes your turn. （副词不能作主语，主语是后面的名词） 练习2. 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1. Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 2. Is it yours?（代词） 3. The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4. The speech is exciting.（分词/形容词，这样的分词已形容词化了） 5. Three times seven is twenty-one.（数词） 6. His job is to teach English.（不定式） 7. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） 8. The machine must be under repairs.（介词短语） 9. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（从句）

第2讲 句子成分 练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） 2. We often speak English in class.（代词） 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语） 5. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） 6. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 9. That he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句， that不能省略) 10. There comes the bus. (副词不能作主语，本句为倒装句，名词the bus作主语) 2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five（数词）. 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名

词化形容词） 4. I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语） 5. I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） 6. I think that he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 练习4. 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当。 1. His father named him Dongming.（名词） 2. They painted their boat white.（形容词） 3. Let the fresh air in.（副词） 4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you（不定式.短语） 5. We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） 1. They planed many trees yesterday.（名词） 3. replied后加to 4. insisted后加on 练习3. 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。 1. 助动词 实义动词 2. 助动词 实义动词 3. 助动词 实义动词 4. 实义动词 5. 助动词 实义动词 6. 助动词 助动词 实义动词 7. 助动词 助动词 实义动词 8. 助动词 实义动词 答案与解析 6. We found everything in the lab in good order（.介词短语） 7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） 8. I want your homework done on time.(过去分词短语) 1. 时间状语 2. 地点状语 3. 原因状语 练习5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。 1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu. 桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。（介词短语作后置定语） 2. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother . 怀里抱婴儿的那个妇女是他的母亲。（with的复合结构作后置定语） 3. We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这个地方大两倍的地方。（形容词短语作后置定语） 4. She carried a basket full of eggs. 她提着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。（形容词短语作后置定语） 5. It’s a book worth no more than one dollar. 那是一本仅值一美元的书。（形容词短语作后置定语） 6. It’s a city far from the coast. 它是一座距海岸很远的城市。（形容词短语作后置定语） 7. He has money enough to buy a car. 他有足够能买一辆车的钱。（形容词短语作后置定语） 8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 楼下的那个人正在尽力睡觉。（副词作后置定语） 9. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. 在我们城市有许多需要维修的名胜。（现在分词短语作后置定语） 10. Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 属于食肉动物的老虎以肉为食。（现在分词短语作后置定语） 11. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. 一个自称为John的男孩想见你。（现在分词短语作后置定语） 12. He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. 在回家的路上，他捡起一个躺在路上的钱包。（现在分词短语作后置定语；副词短语作后置定语） 13. There are many clothes to be washed. 有许多要洗的衣服。意译为：有许多衣服要洗。（动词不定式短语作后置定语） 14. Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. 大多数被邀请参加派对的歌手都来自美国。（过去分词短语作后置定语） 15. Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team. 接着，他要列队游行经过宫殿的那一天到了。（定语a small village。 2. 把is改为are；句子的主语是the days。 3. Play改为Playing；在这里指经常打篮球，要用动名词作主语。 4. Give改为To give；在做决定时，放弃英语不是一个选择。give up指具体的某一次。 5. 去掉By，doing改为Doing; 介词短语不能作主语。 6. will前加we。介词短语不能作主语。 7. to take; plan后跟动词不定式作宾语。 8. speaking；practice后跟动名词作宾语。 9. are；副词here不能作主语，主语是后面的books。 10. hang；介词短语不能作主语，倒装句，主语是pictures。 11. In my opinion, getting up early and going to bed early will do a lot of good to our health. 12. That he failed the exam made him upset. 13. Between the two tall buildings stands our teaching building. 14. What we are learning now will be of great help to our life and work in the future. 15. Do you know the man next to Tom? 16. Please send him to the hospital nearest to your home as soon as possible. 17. We have a dining hall large enough to hold 3, 000 students. 18. He was doing his homework carefully in the classroom at that moment. 19. We planted many trees in our schoolyard last Sunday. 20. He performed incredibly well in the speech contest yesterday. 1. 把lie改为lies； 介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的练习7. 画出下列句中的同位语。 1. The young man, my brother, works in the office. 2. Our English teacher, Mrs Wang often helps us with study. 3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. 4. 方式状语 5. 伴随状语 6. 目的状语 7. 目的状语 8. 程度状语 9. 程度状语 10. 结果状语 11. 让步状语 12. 比较状语 13. 条件状语 14. 时间状语；地点状语 15. 原因状语 从句修饰the great day） 练习6. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。

答案与解析 21. I will never forget what he told me that day. 22. I frequently go to the supermarket. /I go to the supermarket frequently. 23. He is always helping others. 24. We should never treat an old man like that. 7. He asked me to come back soon. （动词不定式） 8. I saw them getting on the bus. （现在分词 ） 9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名词） 10. I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词 ） 11. We elected him monitor. （名词 ） 第3讲 简单句的五种基本结构 练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1. Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV) 2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (SV) 3. He is smiling all over his face. (SV) 4. I did well in English. (SV) 5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. (SV) 练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1. People all over the world speak English. (SVO) 2. Jim cannot dress himself. (SVO) 3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. (SVO) 4. He did not know what to say. (SVO) 5. He just wanted to stay at home. (SVO) 6. He practices speaking English every day. (SVO) 练习3. 分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。 1. She ordered herself a new dress. (SvoO) 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (SvoO) 3. He brought you a dictionary. (SvoO) 4. He denies her nothing. (SvoO) 5. I showed him my pictures. (SvoO) 6. I gave my car a wash. (SvoO) 7. I told him that the bus was late. (SvoO) 8. He showed me how to run the machine. (SvoO) 练习4. 判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 12. Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） 练习6. 辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。 1.系动词 4. 连系动词 2. 实义动词；连系动词 3.连系动词 5.实义动词 25. One is never too old to learn. 练习7. 用下划线画出下列句中的系动词。 1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable. 6. The room soon became crowded. 7. The days are getting longer and longer. 8. He fell ill yesterday. 9. Trees turn green in spring. 10. What you said sounds great. 1. pointing改为pointed; closest to me是形容词短语作the man的后置定语，pointed在这里是谓语。 2. working改为work；work是谓语，后面是目的状语。 3. 在able前加be；should后跟动词原形，而able是形容词，需要和be连用。 4. sadly改为sad；feel是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。 5. you改为your；you“你”，your“你的”；send后跟双宾语。 6. got改为get, 这里是省略to的不定式作宾补；well改为good，taste这里是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。 7. against前面加are；against是介词，不能作谓语。 8. 在should后加be；形容词不能单独作谓语。 9. 去掉There are, many改为大写；一个主谓结构不能有两个谓语。 10. has改为is；存在有用there be句型。 11. 在often前加are；形容词不能单独作谓语。 12. badly改为bad；go是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。 13. exist；后面实义主语是复数。 14. are；后面three meetings是复数。 15. open；stay是系动词“仍然处于”，后跟形容词作表语。 练习5. 分析下列句子并划分成分，在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。 1. They appointed him manager. （名词） 2. They painted the door green. （形容词） 3. He pushed the door open. （形容词） 4. They found the house deserted. （形容词） 5. What makes him think so? （省略to的不定式） 6. We saw him out. （副词） 答案与解析

16. for；buy sth. for sb.

17. be；there happen to be，碰巧有。 18. lies；后面是单数。

19. stand；主谓一致看后面名词。 20. The food was delicious and I ate a lot. 21. The movie is fantastic.

22. However, some people are against the plan. 23. Their opinions are as follows.

24. As far as I’m concerned, I am in favor of the plan. 25. He offered me some advice. /He offered some advice to

me. 26. I owe him a lot of money. /I owe a lot of money to him. 27. My mother bought me a special gift on my birthday. /My

mother bought a special gift for me on my birthday. 28. He made me a paper plane. /He made a paper plane for

me. 29. He read us an interesting story. /He read an interesting

story to us. 30. His uncle left him a lot of money. /His uncle left a lot of

money to him. 31. He showed us a map of the world. /He showed a map of

the world to us. 32. Please send me a photo of the panda. /Please send a photo

of the panda to me. 33. I have many friends.

34. There is going to be a film tonight. 35. There are a lot of people in the park. 36. There are lots of birds in the tree. 37. A dog has four legs and a tail. 第4讲 简单句、并列句和复合句

练习1. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。 1. 简单句。

2. 复合句, The boy is called Tom是一个主谓结构，who

offered me his seat也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结构中主语the boy 的定语。 3. 简单句，反义疑问句。

4. 简单句，my brother and I 是并列主语，后面go to

school和come back为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。 5. 并列句。

6. 含有时间状语从句的复合句。 7. 并列句。

8. 复合句，what he said也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句

作主语。

9. 简单句，只有一个主谓结构。 10. 简单句，前面为并列主语。

12. good前加is；后句中each是主语，has a delicious taste

是第一个谓语，is good for health是第二个谓语。 13. 在not前加were；willing是形容词，前面加be才能

作谓语。

14. leave改为left；left和walked是并列的。

15. 去to；earn和finish是并列的，所以要用动词原形。 16. telling改为told; told和saw是并列关系。 17. swim；play, swim和go是并列关系。

练习2. 说出下列复合句中，where引导的是什么从句。 1. 地点状语从句 2. 定语从句 3. 宾语从句 4. 主语从句 5. 表语从句

练习3. 利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。 1. D 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. D

1. but去掉或者改为yet；两个简单句用一个连词连接就行，用了“虽然”，不用“但是”，yet可以作副词。 2. 去掉when；the telephone rang应为主句。 3. 去掉that；because本身就是连词，不能再用that。 4. 在my前加of；But是在意思上与前面连接，因此后

面用so是正确的。

5. 去掉so；前面with的复合结构不是一个分句，因此整

个句子还是简单句，所以后面不必用连词。 6. 后句的he前加and；which引导的是定语从句，其前

后的两个句子构成了并列句，要有并列连词连接。 7. they前加and；两个简单句直接用逗号连接是错误的。 8. and后加I’m；20 years old的主语不是My name。 9. trusting改为trust；trust和have是并列的。 10. sat改为sit；sit和lie构成并列谓语。

11. feel改为feeling；feeling good和strong是并列的，都

是作keep的补语。keep 后跟现在分词作补语。 11. and连接的并列句。 12. 由so连接的并列句。 13. 简单句。

14. but连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从

句的复合句。

15. 含有让步状语从句的复合句。

答案与解析

18. visiting；visiting和making是并列的，都是thinking of

的宾语。

19. opened；put, opened和started是并列谓语。 20. found；found和stopped是并列的。 21. watch；watch和sit是并列的。 22. face；face和enjoy是并列的。

23. Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also

teaching me how to be a good person. 24. I particularly enjoy sitting beside you and listening to

you tell stories. 25. In the past, we had to sit at our desks in silence and pay

attention to what the teachers were saying. 26. I still remember getting up early that day and feeling

anxious about the new world.

27. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and

giving lessons to lovely boys and girls.

答案与解析

答案与解析

答案与解析

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