自学考试英语(二)最全复习资料

自学考试英语(二)最新最全复习资料

自考英语（二）重点难点分析

考试重点语法

虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词

时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词 （ 不定式、动名词、分词 ） 并列句、复合句 （ 主从 ， 宾从 ， 表从 ， 定从 ， 状从 ， 同位从 ） 1.简单句和并列句

主谓 ， 主谓状 I study hard.

情态动词 + 实意动词构成谓语 . I shall go. 主谓宾 ， 主谓介宾 I study English. I look at the blackboard.

主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red. 主谓双宾 I give him a present. 主谓宾宾补 I let you do it. I ask you to do it. 定 状 语 A red book. Work hard.

并 列 句 I worked and studied（x） I worked and he studied. 2. 主从复合句 （1） 宾语从句

I study English. I think （that）… I think that she is a good student. I made it clear that he objected to the plan. I asked whether/if he was a good student. I don't know whether it is raining.

I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need. You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.

（2） 主语从句

That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.（ it is the truth that……） Whether it is raining is not known.

It is not known——computers will one day have vision as good as human vision. A.whether B. if C. that D. how

It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. Who will come to the meeting remains unknown. 翻译题 ： In a sense， what he said amounts to threat. （3） 表语从句

Your greatest fault is that you are careless. The problem is what we should do to help him. （4） 形容词补语从句

We feel proud that our team has won every match this year. He wasn't sure whether he should stay or leave. Are you certain who he is （5） 同位语从句

（fact， news， idea， opinion， concern， hope， theory， decision， discovery， conclusion， report，

order， question， problem， belief， truth， answer， statement， promise， possibility.） The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure. （6） 状语从句 时间状语从句

When I studied， the bell rang.

She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.

He had no sooner died than / he had hardly died when the family arguments began. 地点状语从句 He live where he liked. 原因状语从句

He was late because he missed the bus. Now that you mention it， I do remember.

I'm in a slightly awkward position， in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment. 目的状语从句

We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty. Bring it closer so that I may see it better. 结果状语从句

He brought a big house so（ that） he had more space to paint in. He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.

翻译题 ：The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other 条件状语从句

If I make a promise， I keep it.

I'll lend you the money ， as/so long as you take my advice.

These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken. 让步状语从句

Although/ though he was Spanish， he spent most of his life in Germany. Whatever/ No matter what happens， you must be calm and quiet. However/no matter how loudly you shout， you won't be heard. 方式状语从句

I have changed the plan as you suggested. As if （ as though） 比较状语从句 （ 重点 ）

She is as tall as Tom（ is） I arrived as early as you （did） Mary was older/more careful than Tom（ was） Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom（ does） Bill speaks French ——（ badly） than he writes it.

The –（ far）away we get from the earth， the thinner the air becomes. further 进 （8）定语从句 在从句中成份 + 连词

She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.（ who 主语 ） This is the film that I see.

This is the boy who （whom）（——） you met yesterday. （ 主语 ）

Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / （whom） I shall be working for.

I read the book whose cover is red.

You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago. I never heard such stories as he told.

This is the day when （ on which ） I joined the league.

This is the house where（ in which ） I live./ This is the house I live in. 非限定性定语从句

He met Mary， who invited him to dinner.

I gave the book to Tom， whom/ who I found after the meeting.

Her doctor， whose office was newly decorated， started to charge higher fee. His latest play， which was well reviewed by the critics， has been a great success. I called him by the wrong name， for which mistake I apologized. Prof. Emery， about whom everyone is taking these days.

There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found. A.where B.when C.that D.which

Where 用在定语从句和状语从句的区别 I'll go to the place （ where I live） I'll go wherever work conditions are difficult. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别

The news （that our team had won）was known to all. This is the film that （I see）。

考题 ： Such people – you describe are rare nowadays. a. as b. that c. who d.which

Anyone ——（ want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]

Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition，——，to our disappointment， we saw very few high-tech products. a. where b. which c. as d. that 3. 并列复合句

He said that he would give up smoking， but nobody believe it.

I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be； yet it was difficult to say what he she did.

动词的时态和语态

过去 现在 将来 一般 I did I do I shall do 进行 I was doing I am doing I shall be doing 完成 I had done I have done I shall have done 完成进行 I had been doing I have been doing I shall have been doing（/） 过去将来 I should do I should be doing（/） I should ha ve done（/） I should have been doing（/） 重点语法——动词的时态和语态 时态的呼应

I thought the experiment was going on now. She said this apparatus would be available next week. Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day. Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday. Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.

Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment. Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived. Have/has been done My car has been repaired.

Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned. No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began . Hardly……… when

Some people think that the relations between people have deteriorated -（ deteriorate） so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened （happen） to her.

非谓语动词 动词不定式

做主语 To see is to believe. What to do next has not been decide It is not easy to remember all these words. 表语 To know everything is to know nothing. 定语 This is a book to be written . 宾语 I want to study .

He found it impossible to keep silent any longer. 宾补 They warned me not to be late. I let you do it

（make， have， see， watch， notice， look at， observe， smell， listen to， hear，perceive）

状语 Yesterday he came to see me.

独立成份 To be frank ， she is not my girlfriend. 形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.

不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 不定式的 时态和语态 to do（be） ， to be+p.p. to have done， to have been done 动名词

主，表语 Seeing is believing Tom‘s going there won‘t do any harm. My hobby is collecting stamps. 定语

This is a swimming poor. （ a poor for swimming） This is a hiding place （ a place for hiding ）

宾语 I enjoy studying （mind， keep， appreciate， can't help， consider， postpone，suggest，admit etc.）

Do you mind my smoking here

介词 + 宾语

I used to doing. （confess to， look forward to， object to doing sth.） be involve in， consist of， be fond of， etc. 动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态 分词

状语 When I saw the film， I felt sad = Seeing the film， I felt sad. Because it is Sunday today， we have no school. It being Sunday， we have no school.

When the job was finished， we went home straight away. The job finished， we went home straight away. 定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. =The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine. The used car. A broken cup the question involved. 表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.

宾补 I found them watering flowers.（ I found that they were watering flowers. I found the flowers watered. （ I found the flowers watered） 分词的时态和语态 .（ 形同动名词 ） doing （being） being done having done having been done

______nothing to say， the boy shield way form the crowd. A. Having B. Have C Had. D. Having being

What developed was a music readily taking （ take） on various forms.

Not having got （not get） enough hands， she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task. 非谓语动词答题要点

1. Anyone wanting （want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

2 . A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted （convict）of murder. 3. As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used （ use） in experiments may decrease.

Not have got （not， get）enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task . It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control （ control） his direction.

As I'll be away for a year ， I'd appreciate hearing （hear）from you now and then . Object to ， confess to ， look forward to + doing. 介词 + doing.

If I had remembered —— the window， the thief would not have got in. a. to close b. closing c. to have close d. having closed.

Begin， start， intend， continue to do， doing 的区别不大 The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.

Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做 . I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open， but I couldn‘t.

I can‘t find anywhere to live.

______， they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been over V+ing 及从句 的固定用法 It‘s no use doing sth.

It‘s no use worrying about it. There‘s nothing you can do. It‘s （not） worth doing sth. Have difficulty doing sth. Spend time （in） doing sth. There is no doubt that. 强调句

强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame

2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke. 3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to. 4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.

5. 强调状语 1） 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school. 2） 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.

3） 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him. 4） 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it. 不仅可以是陈述句 ， 还可以是疑问句和感叹句 .

Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday What great progress it was that you made. 强调句可以是一个从句 ， 被强调的部分也可以是从句 .

I was told that it was because he hadn‘t received the invitation that he didn‘t come It was there， the police believe，——she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.

A. that B.until C. which D. when 虚拟语气 第一类型 ： 见词就填 ： A. （should ） do （should） be

B. （should） be + 过去分词 第一类型虚拟语气 A

建议 坚持 要求 建议 命令 决定 命令 宁愿 决定 命令 安排 重要 动词 advise propose suggest insist require desire demand request recommend order decide command prefer determine Instruct arrange 名词 advice proposal Suggestion insistence Requirement desire Demand request Recommendation order decision command preference determination Instruction Arrangement Importance 形容词 advisable suggested insistent desired Requested Ordered Decided Preferable Arranged important 见某些形容词要虚拟

Urgent， necessary， important， possible， essential， incredible， natural， ridiculous， vital， imperative， crucial， critical， proper， compulsory， etc.

形容词带的从句 ： It is important that every member （should） inform himself of these rules.

主语从句 ： It is decided that the meeting （should） be postponed. 宾语从句 ： He insisted that his daughter （should） come.

表语从句 ： The doctor‘s advice is that the patient （should） be kept quiet. 同位语从句 ： He gave order that the guests （should） be hospitably entertained. 考题 ： They demanded that the right to vote——（give） to every adult person. [（should） be given]

For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one， it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea. A.is B.be C.were D.would be 考题 ：

_____for your help， I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions. A. Had it not been B. not been C. Without being D. not having been 特殊虚拟

Even if 形式上与 if 相同 Wish 形式上大体与 if 从句相同

从句谓语与 Wish 同时 Wish+ 主语 +V.ed/were I wish I were as young as you.

从句谓语发生 Wish 之前 多用 Wish+ 主语 +had done（been） I wish that he had not made so much trouble. 从句谓语发生

Wish 之后 用 Wish+ 主语 +would（could） + v. I wish you would stay with me far a while

I wish I could fly.

It is （about. High……） time that + 从句 （V.ed） It is high time that we began to work.

In case， lest， for fear that （should）+ V.

The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ——himself. A. injure B. had injured c. injured d. would injure.

Would rather =had rather， would just as soon， would sooner， would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作 . 倒装句

全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn. Among them were two girls. 部分倒装

Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain. No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again. Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.

Not only did he win the championship in the race， but he also broke the world record. Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.

Never， nowhere， no longer， little， feww， not…（ not a single word） no. （at no time， by no means， in no way， on no account， under/in no circumstances） Only here can you buy fresh eggs. 主谓一致要点

To become actresses is their ambition. Nodding often means you say― yes.‖ What I did was to give her a book. Neither she nor I am wet.

Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework. 连词

连接代词 who， whom， whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， which ever 连接副词 when， how， why， where， whenever， wherever

并列连词 and， but， or， so ， therefore， yet， however， nevertheless， for， hence， as well as， both……and， not only……but also， either……or， neither……nor，

从属连词 after， when， before， as， while， since， until， till， although， though， if ， even if， unless， lest， because， than， that， whether， so that， as soon as， as long as， in order that， as if， as though， in case， now that， so……that， such……that， as .as.

When we play a game， we enjoy what we are doing， —— we should not play it. A. otherwise B. instead C. nevertheless D. either 不定代词

Any，one， none， nothing， neither， either， both， all， anyone， any one， some， any， much， many

Are you sure there are not—— sharks here A.any B. some C. many D. much. Used to ， be used to doing

自考英语（二）不规则动词表

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 中文 出现，升起 开始 吹 打断 选择 做 画 喝 开车,驾驶 吃 落下 飞 冻结 给 去 长大 知道 误解, 弄错 成长速度超 骑 响铃 原形动词 arise begin blow break choose do draw drink drive eat fall fly freeze give go grow know mistake outgrow ride ring 过去式 arose began blew broke chose did drew drank drove ate fell flew froze gave went grew knew mistook outgrew rode rang 过去分词 arisen begun blown broken chosen done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen flown frozen given gone grown known mistaken outgrown ridden rung 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 上升 看 摇 唱 下沉，沉没 说 偷 发誓 游泳 拿 撕，扯破 扔 穿 写 rise see shake sing sink speak steal swear swim take tear throw wear write rose saw shook sang sank spoke stole swore swam took tore threw wore wrote 现在分词为：writing risen seen shaken sung sunk spoken stolen sworn swum taken torn thrown worn written 以下各词过去式与过去分词相同 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 弯曲 捆 带来 建造 买 抓住 挖 喂 觉得 找到 打仗 有 听 抓 拿 保持 放 领导 离开 借出 丢失 制做 意思是 遇见 误解，误会 bend bind bring build buy catch dig feed feel find fight have hear hold keep lay lead leave lend lose make mean meet misunderstand bent bound brought built bought caught dug fed felt found fought had heard held kept laid led left lent lost made meant met misunderstood bent bound brought built bought caught dug fed felt found fought had heard held kept laid led left lent lost made meant met misunderstood 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 恐慌 付钱 说 寻求 卖 送 射击 坐 睡 花费 站 扫 教 告诉 想 知道 哭泣 赢 吹风，绕 panic pay say seek sell send shoot sit sleep spend stand sweep teach tell think understand weep win wind panicked paid said sought sold sent shot sat slept spent stood swept taught told thought understood wept won wound panicked paid said sought sold sent shot sat slept spent stood swept taught told thought understood wept won wound 下列各词的原形、过去式、过去分词都一样 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 爆炸 投 扔 价值 花费 切 打击 伤害 让 放 读 流出 关闭 分离 伸开 插 刺 弄翻 心烦 burst cast cost cut hit hurt let put read shed shut split spread thrust upset burst cast cost cut hit hurt let put read shed shut split spread thrust upset burst cast cost cut hit hurt let put read shed shut split spread thrust upset 下列各词的原形和过去分词相同 94 95 96 变得 成为 来 跑 become come run became came ran become come run 97、98是特殊变化 97 98 击打 忍受 出生 beat bear beat bore beaten born / borne 98以后各词的过去式或过去分词为两可型 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 113 114 115 116 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 咬 忘记 得到 躲藏 证实 缝 出示 展示 打击 唤醒 打赌 广播 燃烧 做梦 适合 * 处死 悬挂 倾斜 学习 * 撒谎 躺 摆脱 发光 嗅 , 闻 加速 拼写 溢出 醒 弄湿 bite forget get hide prove sew show strike awake bet broadcast burn dream fit hang hang lean learn lie lie rid shine smell speed spell spill wake wet bit forgot got hid proved sewed showed struck awoke / awaked bet / betted broadcast/broadcasted burnt / burned dreamt/dreamed fit /fitted hanged hung leant / leaned learnt / learned lied lay rid / ridded shined / shone smelled / smelt sped /speeded spelt / spelled spilt / spilled woke / waked wet / wetted bit / bitten forgot/ forgotten got / gotten hid / hidden proved / proven sewed / sewn showed / shown struck / stricken awoke / awaked bet / betted broadcast/broadcasted burnt / burned dreamt / dreamed fit / fitted hanged hung leant / leaned learnt / learned lied lain rid / ridded shined / shone smelled / smelt sped / speeded spelt / spelled spilt / spilled woke /waked / woken wet / wetted

自考英语（二）复习词组

词组按照第一个词的字母顺序排列。动词不定式前的符号to均略去，形容词前面也不加系动词be

A

1.a few 几个 2.a good deal 许多 3.a good many 许多 4.a great amount of 大量的 5.a great deal 大量的 6.a great many 很多 7.a little 一些，一点点 8.a lot of 许多，大量的 9.a number of 若干，许多 10.a variety of 种种，若干不同的 11.above all 首先，首要 12.according to 根据 13.after all 毕竟，终究 14.ahead of 在……前 15.all at once 突然

16.all but 几乎，差一点，除了……都 17.all in all 总的说来 18.all of a sudden 突然 19.all over 到处，遍及 20.all right 行，可以 21.all the better 更好，愈加 22.all the more 更加，愈加 23.all the same 仍然，尽管如此 24.all the time 一直，始终 25.all together 同时，一起

26.along with 与……一道，与……同时 27.among other things 除了其他方面，此外

28.and so forth 等等 29.and so on 等等

30.and the like 等等，诸如此类 31.anything but 除……外什么都 32.apart from 除去，撇开，除……之外 33.as a matter of fact 事实上，其实 34.as a result 作为结果，因此（插入语） 35.as a result of 作为……的结果 36.as a rule 通常，一般来说

37.as a whole 总的来说，作为一个整体 38.as far as 就……而言，至于 39.as far as…be concerned 就……而言 40.as follows 如下 41.as for 至于，关于 42.as if 好像，似乎，仿佛

43.as long as 只要，如果，既然，由于 44.as regards 在……方面，关于 45.as soon as 一 …… 就 46.as such 像这样的，就这点而论 47.as though 好像，似乎，仿佛 48.as to 至于，关于

49.as usual 照理，像平常一样 50.as well 也，又，同样地

51.as well as 除……之外（也），既……又

52.as yet 到目前为止，到当时为止 53.aside from 此外，除……还有

54.at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 55.at a guess 凭猜测

56.at a loss 困惑不解，茫然不知所措 57.at a stretch 连续不断地 58.at a time 同时，一次

59.at all 丝毫（不），一点（不） 60.at all costs 无论如何，不惜任何代价 61.at all events 不管怎样，无论如何 62.at all times 时常，有时 63.at any rate 无论如何，至少 64.at best 最多，充其量 65.at ease 舒适 66.at first 起初，最初 67.at first sight 一眼看去 68.at first thought 乍一想 69.at hand 在附近，近在手头 70.at intervals 不时，处处

71.at large 普遍地，一般地，自由地 72.at last 最终，终于

73.at least 至少，起码，无论如何 74.at length 终于，详细的 75.at most 至多，不超过 76.at no time 从不，决不 77.at once 立刻 78.at present 现在，目前 79.at one time 曾经，有一时期 80.at random 随机地，任意地

81.at sea 在海上，在航海中，迷惑，茫然

82.at what 而且

83.at the cost of 以……为代价 84.at the mercy of 受……支配，受……控制

85.at the moment 此刻，目前 86.at the rate of 以……速度或比率 87.at the same time 同时，然而，不过 88.at the sight of 一看见就 89.at times 有时候 B

1.back and forth 来回地，反复地 2.back up 支持 3.bear… in mind 记住 4.because of 因为，由于 5.before long 不久 6.long before 很久以前 7.beyond （all） doubt 无疑

8.beyond question 毫无问题，无可争辩 9.both…and （两者）都 10.break away 破除，脱离 11.break down 把…分解为 12.break in 打断（说话），闯进 13.break into 强行进入 14.break…into 分成（部分） 15.break off 弄断，打断 16.break out 突然发生，爆发 17.break through 突破，打通

18.break up打碎，结束，驱散，散开，分解

19.bring…into effect 使…发生作用 20.bring…into play 发挥，发扬，调动（积极性等）

21.bring about 带来，造成，引起 C

1.call for 要求；邀请 2.call off 取消 3.call on 拜访，访问

4.call up 打电话；召集；使想起 5.can not help but 禁不住 22.bring down 降低，减少，击落 23.bring forward 提出（建议论据等） 把…提前

24.bring out 使显现，显示，生产，使 产生

25.bring over 把…带来，使转变 26.bring up 抚养 27.build up 建立，增强 28.but for 倘没有，要不是 29.by accident 偶然地 30.by all means 尽一切办法 31.by and by 不久，迟早 32.by chance 偶然 33.by far 最， …得多 34.by hand 用手，用体力 35.by means of 通过，利用，用… 36.by mistake 错误地

37.by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而 言

38.by no means 决不

39.by reason of 由于

40.by the way 顺便（说），附带地说

41.by virtue of 借助，由于

42.by way of 经过，经由，通过…方法

6.carry on 经营；进行；继续 7.care for 照顾；喜欢 8.carry off 拿走

9.carry out 执行，贯彻；进行到底 10.carry over 延期；运输 11.catch one?s breath 喘息；屏息 12.catch one?s eye 引人注目 13.catch sight of 看见，发现 14.catch up with 赶上 15.check in 办理登记手续 16.check out 办理结帐手续 17.cheer up 高兴，振作起来 18.chear up 清理 19.come about 发生 20.come around 顺便过来 21.come into force 开始有效 22.come into play 开始起作用 23.come into power 上台；开始掌权

24.come off 从…离开；进行

25.come on 来吧

26.come out 出版，发表

27.come round 顺便过来

28.come though 经历 29.come to 苏醒，共计 30.come to terms with 达成协议 31.come true 实现 32.come up 出现 33.come up against 碰到 34.come up to 达到 35.come up with 追上，提出 36.comment on 对…评论

37.concerned with 关于；涉及；忙于；关心；关切

38.contrary to 与…相反

39.convict…of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪

40.cope with 对付；处理 41.count on/upon 指望，依靠 42.cover up 掩饰，掩护

43.cut down on 减少对…之消耗量 44.cut in 打断，插嘴

45.cut off 切去，割掉；切断；使孤立 46.cut out 删掉

47.cut short 缩短，打断…（谈话） D

1.day by day 日复一日 2.deal with 对待，处理 3.die down 枯萎，凋谢 4.die out 消失，灭绝 5.dig into 深入钻研 6.dig out 发掘出，发现

7.do away with 废除 8.do one?s best 尽全力；尽量 9.do with 处理；忍受

10.do without 没有…也行，将就 11.draw in 进站

12.draw on 吸收；依靠；临近 13.draw up 起草，制订 14.drop by 顺便访问 15.drop in 顺便访问 16.drop off 减弱 17.drop out 退出 18.due to 因为 E

1.each other 彼此

2.either…or 或者…或者，不是…就是 3.end in 以…告终 4.end up 结束 5.even if 即使 6.even though 即使

7.every now and then 时时，不时的 8.every other 每隔一个

9.except for 除了…外；除去；撇开 F

1.face to face 面对面 2.fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃 3.fall back on 依靠，求助于

4.fall by the way 半途而废，中途退出 5.fall in with 偶尔遇到；同意

6.fall out 脱落

7.far from 远非，离…很远 8.feel like 喜欢 9.feel bitter at 对…怀恨 10.figure out 弄清楚，算出 11.fill in 填空，填写 12.fill out 填空，填好

13.find fault （with） 找茬，挑错 14.first of all 首先，第一 15.for a moment 一会儿 16.for ever 永远 17.for ever and ever 永远 18.for good 永远

19.for example 举例，例如 20.for instance 例如，比如 21.for noting 无故地，白白地 22.for one reason or another 因某种理由

19.for example 举例，例如 20.for instance 例如，比如 21.for noting 无故地，白白地 22.for one reason or another 因某种理由

23.for short 简称，缩写

24.for some reason （or other）由于种种原因

25.for the moment 目前，现在 26.for the most part在很大程度上，多半 27.for the present 目前，暂时

28.for the sake of 为了…的目的，为了…好处

29.for the time being 目前，当时 30.free from 没有…的，不受…的 31.from behind 从……后面 32.from now on 从现在起 33.from then on 从那时起 34.from time to time 时时，不时地 35.from under 从下面 36.from within 从里面 G

1.get across 使…穿过，渡过 2.get along 有进展

3.get along with 在…有进展，与…交往 4.get at 获得，领会 5.get away 离开，逃脱 6.get by 从…走过，从…通过 7.get down 下来，写，记下 8.get down to 认真对待 9.get hold of 抓住，理解 10.get in 进入

11.get into 进入…状态，研究 12.get off 起飞，离开 13.get on 获得进展

14.get on with 在…获得成功，于…友好相处

15.get out 离去，退出

16.get over 克服困难，从（疾病中）恢复过来

2.1 非谓语动词一览表

非谓语动词 现在分词 一 般 式 形式 意义 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被 动 式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成 过去分词 动词不定式 一 般 式 done 被动 , 已经完成 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被 动 式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语I came here to meet you. （目的）

He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）

分词：1） 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语Walking along the street， he met his old friend. （时间）

Being very tired， my father didn?t go out with us. （原因） Made by hand， the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因） Seen from the space， the earth looks like a blue ball. （条件）

2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构1） Having done their homework， the children began to play. （分词作状语）

2） After having done their homework， the children began to play. （连词+分词）

3） After they had done their homework， the children began to play. （状语从句） 4） With homework done， the children began to play. （独立结构）

2.4 非谓语动词作定语1） If there is no choice， there is no decision ___ （make）。 （to be made）

2） Do you know the man ____ （ stand） in front of the house？ （standing） 3） The question ____ （discuss） at the moment is very important. （being discussed） 4） The bridge ____ （build） in the 1950s is still in good condition. （built）

2.5 动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。

Rising early is good for health. To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me. It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad. Seeing is believing.

作宾语接动名词作宾语的动词：admit， acknowledge， avoid， appreciate， consider， delay， enjoy， escape， excuse， forgive， finish， include， involve， mind， put off， postpone， suggest， feel like， look forward to， be used to， be accustomed to， etc.接动词不定式作宾语的动词：want， tend， intend， pretend， hope， plan， expect， be supposed to， seem， be likely to， used to， be willing to， desire， force， prefer， start， begin 接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：1） forget， remember， regret 2） stop， continue 3） need/ want 4） allow doing/ allow sb to do （1） How can I forget meeting you for the first time？

Sorry， I forgot to lock the door.（2） I can?t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand？ （3） The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.（4） We don?t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here. 3.虚拟语气

第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气

时间 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 从句 did/ were had done were to do should do 主句 should/could/would + do should/could/would + have done should/could/would + do If I were you， I would be happy to do it. If we had got the news， we could have prepared earlier. If the job were to succeed， you should work harder.

第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气1） would rather + 从句2） wish + 从句3） if only + 从句4） as if/ as though + 从句5） It?s time + 从句

I would rather you didn?t tell me the story now. I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.

第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。

1） suggest， propose， advise， move（动议）， ask， order， require， request， desire， insist， prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句；2） suggestion， proposal， advice， motion， order， requirement， request， desire， preference等名词后的同位语从句；3） important， necessary， essential， imperative， desirable， advisable， preferable 等形容词用在it is … that…句型中；4） lest， in case， for fear that 等引导的从句中。

It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off. It is my suggestion that the meeting （should） be put off. It is necessary that the meeting （should） be put off. He came to the office earlier lest he （should） miss the important meeting. 4.定语从句和名词性从句

4.1 定语从句：限制性和非限制性定语从句引导定语从句1）关系代词（在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：which， that， who， whom， whose 2）关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）：when， where， why， how

名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句引导名词性从句：1）主从连词（不在从句中作任何成分）：that， whether， if 2）连接代词（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：what， which， who， whom， whose， whatever， whoever… 3）连接副词（在从句中作状语）：when， where， why， how

4.2 定语从句和同位语从句的区别定语从句对名词进行修饰限制，而同位语从句阐述的是名词的具体内容。从语法上看，that， which在定语从句中做主语或宾语，而同位语的引导词that不在从句中担任任何成分。

1） The story （that） he told me may not be true. 定语从句2） The story that he has made a fortune may not be true. 同位语从句 4.3 什么时候用介词＋which 的形式？

如果定语从句缺主语或宾语，用that/ which 形式。如果定语从句缺状语，用介词+which形式。

1） The place which I visited last week is very beautiful. 2） The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.

4.4 which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句which 和 as 都能引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个一句话。as有―正如‖的意思，而which没有。

1） He is easy to get angry， which is well known. 他很容易生气，这一点大家都知道。

2） He is easy to get angry， as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那样，他很容易生气。 2.1 强化练习

1.动词时态强化练习

1. I was hired （hire） by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London in 1989.

解析：过去时的被动语态，标志语：1989.

2. However， many people doubt whether this will reduce （reduce） the incidence of abuse. 解析：一般将来时，表示\会减少\的意思。

3. Up to that time， the blues had been （be） an essentially black medium. 解析：过去完成时，标志语：up to that time，表示\过去的过去\

4. Of these 20，000， just under 2000 are being physically， sexually and psychologically abused （abuse）。

解析：现在进行时的被动。

5. If you do not （not， control） it， it will control you.

解析：一般现在时。主讲从现：主句用将来时，但是时间状语、条件状语和让步状语从句中

用现在时。

6. You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed （complete） your study responsibilities.

解析：现在完成时，表示\已经完成\

7. Maintaining a healthy self-esteem is （be） a challenge that continues throughout life. 解析：一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。

8. The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed （witness） the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.

解析：一般过去时，标志语：the second half of the nineteenth century.

9. All the worries they might have felt for him were driven （drive） off by the sight of his cheerful face.

解析：一般过去时的被动

10. Attempts to break up this old system have been made （make） in every presidential election in the past one hundred years.

解析：现在完成时的被动，标志语：in the past one hundred years. 2.非谓语动词强化练习

1. The mother didn?t know who to blame （blame） for the broken glass. 解析：who+动词不定式做know的宾语

2. The children brought （bring） up in this way tend to be healthier. 解析：过去分词作定语，表被动。

3. It reminded the president to keep the campaign focused （focus） on the economy. 解析：过去分词做宾补。

4. Putting （put） food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock. 解析：动名词作主语。

5. It seems reasonable to assume that， other things being （be） equal， they would prefer single to shared rooms.

解析：现在分词用在独立结构中

6. This poem， if translated （translate） word for word into Chinese， will make no sense. 解析：连词加过去分词作状语

7. They may have their passports removed （remove）， making leaving or ―escaping‖ actually impossible. 解析：过去分词作宾补

8. Her body， with hands and feet bound （bind）， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.

解析：过去分词用在独立结构中

9. I couldn?t help but feel （feel） this is a very strange life. 解析：couldn''t help but 后接动词原形

10. Let us consider the earth as a planet revolving （revolve） round the sun. 解析：现在分词作定语 3.虚拟语气强化练习

1. If it hadn?t been for your help， we would have been （be） in real trouble.

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