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Ⅰ 阅读理解
(2018·沈阳高三模拟)Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says.That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya.Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t.The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen McComb.
“Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，”said McComb，a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key.They must build up that knowledge somehow.”
The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It’s close to but not quite like the Dr.Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others can’t hear.
McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.
As a result，the elephants reacted more defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch—to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study co－author Graeme Shannon.
They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women.Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the women’s voices.The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，”said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.
【解题导语】 研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。
1．Who were the people taking part in the study? A．Frans de Waal and Karen McComb. B．Dr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon. C．Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. D．Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中
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的“study co－author Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Graeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。
2．What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability? A．Identifying and avoiding possible danger. B．Growing much faster than any other animals. C．Having a better understanding of humans. D．Developing their language skills.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对它们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。
3．Which can replace the underlined word “substituted”in the last paragraph? A．Distinguished. C．Used.
B．Repeated. D．Compared.
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Wild elephants can distinguish human languages.
B．The conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing. C．Wild elephants use language skills to make discrimination. D．Wild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2018·云南高三八校跨区调研考试)
Ways to Stop Doubting Yourself
What if I don’t pass this test? Are my friends just hanging out with me because they feel bad for me? 1.________ Stop! The self-doubt stops right here. Here are some ways to beat negative self-talk and start believing in yourself.
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·Be Aware.
The first step towards overcoming anything is to become aware of it. By becoming aware that we are doubting ourselves, we can sooner confirm it and put a stop to it. As we realize our self-doubt, we will get quicker at confirming and stopping it. See? 2.________
·Take a Break.
Sometimes it is our mind that goes against us. Whenever you find yourself having doubts, take a break. 3.________ Ask yourself what made you get into this goal. It will get you to realize why you started it in the first place.
·4.________
Too often we determine how we feel about ourselves according to what other people feel about us. Our self-worth is just dependent upon what we think of ourselves. So we must break free of the chains that tell us our self-worth is recognized by other people.
·Find Support.
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