【考情解读】 应该掌握的重点单词
1．characteristic n．特征；特性
2．conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 3．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败 4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposion n．暴露 6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗
7．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenger n．挑战者 8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
9．suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．怀疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的 10．foresee vt.预见；预告→foretell v．预言→forecast v．预报 11．blame vt.责备；谴责 n．过失；责备 12．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染 13．handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵 14．link vt. & n．连接；联系
15．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告
16．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．教授；传授→instructions n．指示，说明 17．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 18．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献 19．spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
20．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃 应该掌握的重点短语 1．put forward 提出
2．draw a conclusion 得出结论 3．expose...to 使显露；暴露
4．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart from 除……之外；此外
6．make sense 讲得通；有意义 7．look into 调查；研究 8．at times 有时 9．be against 反对
10．(be) strict with 对……严格的 11．be to blame 应受责备 12．with certainty 肯定地 应该掌握的重点句型
1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 因次每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。
2．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
3．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it.... 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着太阳转……
【重点词汇突破】
1 conclude v.断定，推断出；得出结论；?使?结束，终止?end? 【 应试指导】 写作高频词汇to conclude，in conclusion conclude sth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束 conclude sth.from...从……推断出…… to conclude最后 arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论 make a conclusion下结论 in conclusion总之；最后 So what can we conclude from this debate? 那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？ 【 夯实基础】 语法填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying. (2)What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?
(3)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
(4)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude(conclude) it with important points. 2 attend v.出席，参加；照料，护理?take care of?；处理，对付?deal with? 【 应试指导】 其高级词汇是be present at attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜 attend on/upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to sb./sth.处理；倾听；照料；专心；注意 Thousands of people attended the ceremony. 数千人参加了庆典。
The main thing is to attend to the injured. 首要任务是照顾伤者。 【 夯实基础】 语法填空
(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend(attend) to. (2)You must attend to your work.
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3 expose v.暴露；揭露；使曝光
【 应试指导】 非谓语动词句法功能的考查 expose...to使显露；暴露 be exposed to暴露于；经受……
expose sb.to...让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于……
They have not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations. 城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。
These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue. 这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。 【 夯实基础】
(1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.
①The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改写句子) ②The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改写句子)
(2)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
①Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用v.-ing的主动形式作主语改写句子)
②If exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin injured. (用if省略句改写句子) (3)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.
Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
4 absorb v.吸收?液体、气体等??take in?；吸引全部注意力?attract?；使全神贯注?interest sb.very much?；使并入，吞并
absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意 absorb...from...从……中吸收…… be absorbed in全神贯注于 be absorbed by/into被……吞并?吸引? Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。 She was absorbed in the book. 她专心于这本书。
思考 表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one’s attention on，devote...to，concentrate one’s mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。
【 夯实基础】
(1)用absorb的适当形式填空
①When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. ②He had an absorbed look on his face. ③—Where is Jimmy?
—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed in his video games. (2)He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.
Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
5 blame v.把……归咎于，责怪，指责?say or think sb. is responsible for?；n.过失；责任?responsibility?；责备，指责
【 应试指导】 be to blame主动形式表被动意义的用法
blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上 Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。 The president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。 【 词义辨析】 blame，charge，accuse
(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。
(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。 【 夯实基础】
(1)用blame，charge，accuse的适当形式填空 ①It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident. ②She was said to have been charged with drunken driving. ③I was told that he was accused of murder. (2)他把考试失败归咎于老师。(一句多译)
①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame...on) ②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame...for)
③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n．)
6 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助?give money or goods to...?；是……的原因之一?be one of the causes of sth.?；贡献；投稿?write...for...?
【 多词一义】 contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to contribute...to...把……贡献给…… contribute to有助于；导致?＝result in/lead to?；把时间投入到…… make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献/捐款 He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion. 他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。
Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund？你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？ 【 图解助记】
【 夯实基础】 (1)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.
(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone (should) contribute(每个人都贡献) whatever is in their minds.
7 put forward提议，提出?suggest?；拿出；推荐?recommend?；将……提前 【 多词一义】 put forward，come up with，raise put away将……收起；把……放回原处；积蓄 put aside忽视；不理睬；储存 put off延期 put out扑灭 put in放入；把……写进?信函、故事等? May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？ 【 夯实基础】 选择方框内的短语填空
put away，put off，put aside，put out，put forward (1)Far water doesn’t put out near fire.
(2)Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents. (3)The association has put the event off until October. (4)Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away. (5)Class Three has put forward a reasonable proposal. 8 apart/aside from除……之外；此外
【 应试指导】 作为高级词汇替换besides，except 表示“除……之外”的短语： apart from/aside from除……之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。 besides＝in addition to除……之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。 except除……外(都)……，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。 except for除……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。 Apart from the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me. 姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。 【 夯实基础】
用besides，except，except for，apart from填空
(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom. (2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two. (3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film. 【句法语法突破】
1 He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终前才公布了这一观点。
句型公式：形容词作状语
(1)形容词dying在句中作状语，说明谓语动词lay发生时，主语所处的状态。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing wind. 有一个女人躺在床上，毫无睡意，听着疾驰而过的大风。 【 夯实基础】
用形容词(短语)作状语改写句子
(1)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied. Happy and satisfied，she suddenly appeared. (2)The boy ran home with fear full of him.
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