2018年高考英语复习资料(精编)

状元高考复习宝典

状元高考复习宝典

2018年高考英语复习资料（精编）

第一部分：词汇专题

1. abolish. vt 废除，废 止(习俗、制度)

eg: Should we abolish the death penalty?我们应该废除死刑吗？

2. abortion. n. ①[u]人工流产，打胎 ②[c] 人工流产手术 ③[c]完全失败的计划或行动 3. absurd. Adj

①unreasonable; not sensible. 不合理的；荒唐的；谎谬的 eg: What an absurd suggestion! 多么荒唐的建议 ② foolish；in a funny way. 愚蠢的；怪诞不经的

eg: That uniform makes them look absurd. 他们穿着那种制服看起来怪模怪样的。 4. abundant. adj

① more than enough ;plentiful.丰富的，充裕的 We have abundant proof of his guilt

② 作表语 ，富有某事物～ in sth :having plenty of sth; rich insth。 5. adolescent adj 青春期的；青春期特有的。adolescence. n.

6. advocate. v. speak publicly in favor of sth; recommend ; support. 拥护；提倡；主张。 eg: Do you advocate banning cars in the city centers? 你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？ advocacy. n .

7. alcoholic, adj ①酒精的；含酒精的；②由喝酒引起的。 8. algebra. n .[u]. 代数学，代数。

9. alternative. adj 作定语。可用以代替其他事物的；另一可选用的；其他的。 Have you got an alternative suggestion?你有没有其他的建议？ 10. altitude. n.

① height above sea-level 海拔，高度. eg :What is the altitude of the village? ② 常作复数，海拔甚高的地方。eg:

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It is difficult to breathe at these altitude.在这些高的地方很难呼吸。 11. aluminium: chemical element; a light silvery metal. 铝。 12. ambiguous: adj.

①having more than one possible meaning 有不止一种意思的;有歧义 ②uncertain in meaning or intention.意向不明的；暧昧的 ambiguously adv. ambiguousness n.

13. anchor: n. ① 锚；② 可以依靠的人或物；靠山；

③at anchor; bring(a ship)/come to anchor停航抛锚。

14. anecdote n: short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 轶事，逸闻(关于真人真实的短小有趣的事). anecdotal. Adj。

15. appetite . n.①[u] physical desire, esp for food or pleasure 食欲，胃口； When I was ill I completely lost my appetite 我生病时完全没有胃口; ②[c], a natural desire for sth. The long walk has given me a good appetite. 走了长路使我食欲大振。

16. assess. v .①decide or fix the amount of sth. 确定，评定(数额)assess sth ( at sth). assess the damage at 1000dollars.评定损害赔偿金一千元

② decide or fix the value of sth ; evaluate 确定，评定(某事物)的价值，估价；

③assess sth as sth.评定某事物的质量。 I‘d assess your chances as extremely low. assessment.[u]确定，评定；[c] 评价，看法；[c] 核定的付款额。 17. authentic. adj

① known to be true or genuine真实的，真正的。 an authentic document , signature , painting.正式文件，亲笔签名，原作绘画。 ② reliable可信的，可靠的。 18. automatic. adj.

①(指机器)自动的；②(指动作)未加思索而作出，无意识的；③必然随之而来的。 19. autonomy n. self-governing; independence.自治，自主，独立。 autonomous. adj 自治的，自主的，独立的。 20. bacteria. 细菌。 21. biochemistry. 生物化学。

22. biscuit. ①[u] 饼干②淡褐色③take the biscuit/cake.极其可笑，讨厌，惊奇等。

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23. bishhop. n. ①主教；② (国际象棋中的) 象. 24. blackmail. n.[u]. 勒索，敲诈；用威胁来左右某人。 v. blackmail sb( into doing sth)要挟某人作某事

eg: The strikers refused to be blackmailed into returning to work.。 罢工者拒绝了要挟复工的条件。 25. bounce. v.

①弹回 The ball bounced over the wall.

② 活跃的上下跳动move up and down in a lively manner. The boy bounced on the bed. ③遭银行退票。I hope the cheque doesn‘t bounce. 26. bowling. n. ① 地滚球戏；②滚木球游戏；

③ 朝球员方向投球。a good piece of bowling投一个好球。

27. boycott. n . 抵制place /put sth under a boycott.对谋事物实行抵制 ；

v .拒绝处理或购买(货物)，拒绝参加(如：会议)，抵制 Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games.有好几个国家的运动员拒绝参加奥林匹克运动会。 28. brewery. n. 啤酒厂。

29. brochure. n. 小册子 a travel brochure旅游指南。 30. bureaucratic. adj. 官僚制度的，官僚的。 31. capsule. n. 荚； 胶囊；航天舱，太空舱。

32. caption. n. ( 杂志等文章中的)标题，题目；(附于插图或照片上的)说明文字；(电影或电视上的)字幕。

33. caravan. n. ① 拖车 ②( 供居住可用马拉的)篷车；③(穿过沙漠地带的)旅行队(如商队)。 34. carbon. n. 碳

35. casual. adj. ① happening by chance.偶然的，碰巧的； ②不经意的，随便的，临时的；③(衣物)便服的，不正式的 eg: casual wear 便装； ④非永久性的，a casual labourer. 临时工。

36. centigrade. adj. 摄氏温度计的。 a centigrade thermometer摄氏温度计. 37. circuit.n. 围绕一地方的线、路线、旅程，圈；电路；联赛。 38. circulate. v. ①go round continuously (使某物)循环;

② move about freely流通 open a window to allow the air to circulate. ③spread 流传，传播The news of her death circulated quickly。

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39. circus. n. 马戏团the circus 马戏表演；竞技场。

40. clarify. v. ① cause sth to become clear or easier to understand(使谋事)清楚易懂，澄清. I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况； ②除去(油脂)中的杂质。

41. coincidence. [c/u]巧合(的事)；[u]，(事情，口味、故事等)相合，符合，一致。 42. collision.[u/c]～(with sb/sth); ～(between A and B)

①(物与物或人与人)相撞、碰撞、撞坏The two ships were in/came into collision两艘轮船相撞； ②抵触，(相反的目的、看法、意见等的)冲突.Her political activities brought her into collision with the law.她的政治活动触犯了法律。collision course 必然与某人(某事物)相冲突的进程或行动。

43. compensate v.～(sb)for sth. 补偿，赔偿；报偿；报酬。

Nothing can compensate for the loss of one‘s health.失去的健康是无法补偿的。

44. component.n.(某事物的)组成部分、成分、零部件adj.作定语，(整体中的)一部分、组成的。 45. consensus.n.[c/u] ～(on sth/that…) 意见一致；共同看法eg: ① The two parties have reached a consensus. ②There is broad consensus in the country on the issue.

46. contemporary. adj.① ～(with sb/sth)属于该时代或该时期的；属于同一时代的； ②当代的，现代的。

47. corrupt. v. make sb/sth corrupt. 使(某人或物)堕落，腐化 败坏young people whose morals have been corrupted道德败坏的年轻人。 48. crayon. n.绘画用的铅笔，彩色粉笔，蜡笔。 49. departure n.［c/u]离开，离去；背离，违反 50. dimension n.

1)［c/u］measurement of any sort (breadth;length;thickness;height,etc) (空间的)任何一种量度(宽度,长度,厚度,高度等) eg. What are the ～s of the room?这个房间的面积是多少? 2) (pl.) size, extent 大小, 体积, 程度, 范围 eg. a creature of huge ～s 形体庞大的动物 I didn‘t realized the ～s of the problem.(fig) 我未曾意识到问题的严重程度.

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3)aspect 方面，侧面 eg. There is a ～ to the problem that we have not discussed. 这个问题还有一方面我们没有讨论过.

51. dioxide n. ［U] 二氧化物 carbon ～二氧化碳 52. diplomacy n［u] 1) 外交，外交手段/腕，外交术 eg. International problems must be solved by ～ ,not by wars. 国际问题应通过外交手段来解决，不应诉诸战争。

2)art of or skills in dealing with people; tact 处理人际关系的方法，技巧；交际手腕；处事之道

53. discrimination n.［u］

1) good judgment and perception辨别力，识别力 2)歧视，偏袒(某人/物) eg. racial/sexual/religious/political ～ 种族/性别/宗教/政治歧视

This is a clear case of ～ against foreign imports.这显然是对进口货物的排斥。 54. disgusting adj.使人反感的，使人厌恶的，讨厌的 55. diverse adj. of different kinds, varied多种多样的，不同的 eg. people from ～culture不同文化背景的人 Her interests are very～ . 她的兴趣非常广泛。

56. enterprise n. 1)［c]事业，计划(尤指困难的或需要勇气的)

eg. The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event.音乐会是一项新生事物，我们希望它能成为一年一度的盛会。

2)［u]事业心，进取心，勇气，胆量eg. a woman of great～ 事业心极强的女子 He got the job because he showed the spirit of ～. 他因为表现进取精神,所以得到这份工作. 3)［u]参与计划,企业活动,经营

［c] business company or firm 事业单位,企业单位,公司,商号,商行 57. fantastic adj.

1) wild and strange 荒诞的,奇异的

2) impossible to carry out, not practical 无法实现的,不是实际的 3) excellent 了不起的,极好的

4)very large, extraordinary 巨大的,异乎寻常的

58. ferry n. 渡船,渡口v. (用船或飞机等)运送(人或货物)(通常指短程或定期的)

状元高考复习宝典

59. format n. 1) shape, size, binding, etc of a book版式，开本，装订方法 2) 总体安排，计划，设计等；

3)格式v. 按一定的方式安排某事，(计算机)编排格式

60. framework n.框架；结构；社会的秩序或制度；原则，思想 61. friction n. 1) [u]摩擦(力) 2) [u/c]矛盾，冲突 62. garment n. 1)(一件)衣服；2) (fig) covering 覆盖 eg. In spring nature wears a new ~. 春天，大自然披了新装 63. grill n. 烤架,烤肉,烤肉室 v. 烧烤(食物等)；盘问(某人) 64. herb n, 草本植物，药草，芳草 65. immigration n. 移民

66. institution n. 1)［u]建立,设立,制定,任命 ；2)［c]慈善机关 67. insurance n.保险 68. irrigation n灌溉

69. laundry n. 1) ［c] 洗衣店 2) ［u] 洗熨好的或需洗熨的衣服 70. lounge v.懒洋洋地坐或立(尤指倚靠某物 n.等候室，(BrE)起居室 71. marathon n.马拉松赛跑；拖时长久令人难以忍受的事

72. marble n.1)大理石；玻璃/泥弹球 2)(作定语 )(fig)大理石般的 73. mercy n.［u] 仁慈，宽恕，宽恕 ［c] (常用单数)恩惠，幸运 (idm) at the～of sb./sth.

74. merciful adj. be ∽ to/towards sb.

eg. She was merciful to the prisoners.她对犯人很仁慈。

75. minimum.n.(pl.minima) least or smallest amount, degree ,etc. possible最小值(量，限度) ；adj. 最小的，最少的 76. mosquito n.蚊子 77. obtain v. get sth.

78. outspoken adj.直言的，坦率的

be ～ in (doing) sth.; be～ in one‘s remarks直言不讳 79. parallel adj.1)平行的The road and the railway are ～to/with each other. 2)相对应的，相同的，类似的

80. patent adj. 1) obvious, clear, evident显著的，清楚的，明显

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2) (作定语)有专利的；专利生产/经销的

n.许可证，专利证；专利发明

81. pedestrian n.行人 adj.(作定语)1)行人的 2)平淡的，沉闷的 82. prejudice n. ［u/c]偏见，成见；v.使某人抱偏见，影响某人；削弱 83. pulse n.脉搏；(音乐的)节拍；脉动；脉冲波 v.强烈而有规律的跳动；搏动；振动 84. punctual adj.按时的，准守时的 85. punctuation n.标点符号的使用(法) 86. radium n.镭

87. razor n.，剃刀，刮脸刀

88. recommend v.1)提到某物，推荐某人，赞许某人/ 物 2)建议，劝告 3)使某人/物显得可取 ～ sb./sth. (to sb.) for sth./as sth.

eg. She was strongly recommended for the post. 89. relevant adj. 有关的，切题的

90. resemble v.(无被动语态，无进行时)be like or similar to与…相似 eg. She resembles her brother in looks. 91. restriction n.［u/c]限制，约束

92. roundabout adj.(常作定语)绕道的，兜圈子的，拐弯抹角的 n.旋转木马，环状交叉路

93. ripen / raipn/ v. (使某物)成熟 ripening corn即将成熟的谷物 peaches ripened by the sun 经日晒而成熟的桃

94. scared adj. ~(of sb/sth) 惊恐的,恐惧的 I‘m scared (of ghosts) 我害怕(鬼) 95. sausage n. [c,u]香肠,腊肠

96. scar n. 1) 伤痕,疤 2) (精神上的)创伤 Her years in prison left a scar. 他在狱中的岁月留下了精神创伤.

v. (-rr-) 1) 给(某人)留下伤痕. 2) ~ (over) 痊愈(留下疤痕);结疤. The wound gradually scarred over. 伤口逐渐痊愈结疤. 97. scarf .n. 围巾;头巾;披肩 98. scratch v.

1) a).刮,划,抓(物体表面或皮肤)(呈现伤或痕)

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The dog is scratching at the door.狗正在抓门.

b ) 抓,划或刮而成(某状态) scratch a line on a surface 在物体表面上划出一条线. 2) 挠或擦(皮肤);尤指(搔痒)

3) ~sb/sth(on sth)使(自己或身体某部)意外划伤.

He‘s scratched his hand on a nail.他的手让钉子刮破了.

4) 发出刮或擦的声音. My pen scratches.我的钢笔在写字时发出刮纸声. 还可以作n.

99. semicircle .n.半圆形;半圆形的周长;半圆形的东西 a ~ of chairs 排列成半圆形的椅子. 100. significance .n. [u] 1) 意义;意思 2) 重大意义;重要性

101.skateboard 滑板(长约50厘米的窄板,装有滑轮可站在上面滑行.) 102. sneeze .n.喷嚏 v.打喷嚏

103. sniff .v. 1) 鼻子吸气发出声音 2) ~ (at) sth 呼吸时用鼻吸气 ; ~ sth (up)用鼻子吸入某物

104. softball 垒球(与棒球相似,但球场较小,球较大而弱) 105. software 软件

106. souvenir . 纪念品,纪念物

107. spade .n. 锹,铲 spades (纸牌中的)黑桃 108. stainless adj. 无污点的;无瑕疵的 109. starvation . n. 挨饿;饿死

110. supreme .adj. 1) (权力.级别或地位)最高的;至高无上的 2)最重要的;最大的 111. surplus .n.

1) [ c,u]剩余(额);过剩;盈余;顺差 We have a trade surplus of $400 million. 我们有4亿美元的贸易顺差.

2) (习语) in surplus 有剩余;有盈余 Our trade is in surplus. 3) adj. ~ (to sth) 剩余的, 过剩的 surplus labour剩余劳动力 112. suspension . n.

1) [u]悬挂,悬浮,暂停,延缓,停职 the suspension of a pupil from school 对一名学生的停学处分

2) [u]车辆的悬挂装置(如弹簧及减震器)； 3) [c,u]悬浮(液)

状元高考复习宝典

4) suspension bridge 悬索桥;吊桥

113. systematic .adj. 1) 有系统的,有计划的,有条理的； He‘s very systematic in all he does.他做一切事情都很有条理.

2) 有预谋的,蓄意的 a systematic attempt to ruin sb‘s reputation 蓄谋破坏某人的名誉 114. tendency .n. 1) ~ (to/ towards) sth (to do sth) (人或物呈现的)倾向,趋势 a tendency to fact

/ towards fatness / to get fat 发胖的趋势

2) (事物运动或变化的)趋向,倾向,趋势

Prices continue to show an upward tendency. 物价呈持续上升的趋势. 115. tentative .adj. 试验性质的,踌躇的,试探性的,不确定的,非决定性的. reach a tentative conclusion 得出暂时的结论

116. tissue n. 1) [u,c] 动植物的组织；2) [c] (用作手帕等的)纸巾 a box of tissues一盒纸巾 3) [c ] (包装物品用的)薄纸,棉纸.；4) [c, u] (任何种类的)薄织物 5) [c] ~ (of sth) (相关的或交织的)一套,一系列 His story is a tissue of lies. 他的话是一派谎言. 117. tournament n.

1) 联赛,比赛,竞赛,锦标赛(常为淘汰制)；2) (旧时 )武士骑马比武(用钝武器,尤指长矛) 118. tram (有轨的)电车

119. transparent .adj.1) 透明的 a box with a transparent lid 带有透明盖的盒子； 2) 明显的,无疑的,无错误的 a ~ lie 易识破的谎言； 3) 易懂的,清楚的 a ~ style of writing 简明的文体。 120. trolleybus n. 无轨电车 121. typhoon 台风

122. undertake . v. (pt. undertook pp. undertaken)

1) 承担(某事物);负起(某事物)的责任 ； 2)同意或答应做某事 123. undo (pt. undid pp. undone)

1)解开,松开(结,纽扣等);打开, 拆开(包裹,信封等) 2 ) 使(某物)无效;取消;废除. 124. vanilla . n.

1) [c] 香子兰(热带兰科植物,花味香醇)；

2) [u] 香草醛(自香子兰荚中提取或由人工合成的香精)

125. violence . n. [u] 1) a. 暴力行为(尤指非法的);暴行 b. 狂热;激情;强烈的感情

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We expressed our views with some violence. 我们激动地亮明了观点. 2) 激烈;猛烈;厉害；3) do violence to sth. 违背或违反某事物 126. voluntary 1) adj. 自愿的,自动的,主动的; 志愿的,无偿的,义务的 2) n. (教堂礼拜仪式或进行期间的)乐器独奏 127. yawn .v. 打哈欠;(指大洞穴等)张开,裂开

n. 1)哈欠 ；2)乏味的或枯燥的事物 The meeting was one big yawn from start to finish. 那会议自始至终十分无聊. 128. zebra . n. 斑马

129. zoom .v. 1) (指飞行器,汽车等)急速移动(尤指发出嗡嗡声或轰轰声) 2) (指价格,费用等)急升,猛涨

n. (指飞行器或汽车等)急速的移动,急速移动时发出的声音.

第二部分：语法专题 专题1. 定语从句

一、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(宾语) 注意：1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用―介词+which/whom‖结构。例如：

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the novel.请告知你从谁那里借的这本小说。 2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

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This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

3)that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 4)关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.

b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 5)关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： What‘s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 二、关系副词的用法

1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

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3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 4. as 引导的定语从句

1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes. 2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

3) 非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。 She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected.

4) the same……as; such……as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I should like to use the same tool as is used here. We should have such a dictionary as he is using. 自我测试：

1. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 2. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where B. which C. that D. it 3. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 4. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 5. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that B. it C. which D.who 6. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who‘s B. whose C. that D. of which. 7. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that B. which C. where D. who 8. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 参考答案： 1-5 BCACA 6-8 BCD

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专题2. 插入语

在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。 例1. _____ the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.

A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 解析：本题答案为C. generally speaking为分词短语，意思是―一般来说‖，在句中用作插入语。

小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking(严格地说)，generally considering(一般认为)， judging from……(根据……判断)等。

例2. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim. A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally

解析：本题答案为C. unfortunately为副词，意思是―令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜‖，在句中用作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed(的确)，surely(无疑)，however(然而)，frankly(坦率地说)，obviously(显然)，naturally(天然地)，luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸运)，fortunately(幸好)，strangely(奇怪)，briefly(简单地说)等。

例3. Your performance in the driving test didn‘t reach the required standard, _____，you failed. A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time

解析：本题答案C. in other words为介词短语，意思是―换句话说‖，作插入语。

小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion(总之)，in a word(简而言之)，in short(简而言之)，in general(一般说来)，in a sense(在某种意义上)，in my view(在我看来)，in his opinion(按照他的看法)，in fact(事实上)，at first(首先)， in addition(此外)，of course(当然)，to my surprise，to her regret(使她遗憾的)，for example等。

例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____，we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What?s more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not

解析：答案D. believe it or not为一分句，意思是―信不信由你‖，在句中作插入语。 小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure(我

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可以肯定地说)，I believe(我相信)，do you know(你知道吗)，you see(你明白)，I‘m afraid(恐怕)，it is said(据说)，I suppose(我想)，what‘s more(而且)，what‘s worse(更糟糕的是)，that is(也就是说)，what‘s important(重要的是)等。 例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare.

A. To be frank B. What‘s more C. In addition D. However

解析：答案为A. to be frank为不定式短语，意思是―坦率地说‖，在句中作插入语。 小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure(无疑地)，to sum up(概括地说)，to tell the truth(老实说)等。

例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.

A. Speaking general B. Strange to say C. Luckily D. Of course

解析：答案为B. strange to say为形容词短语，意思是―说也奇怪‖，在句中作插入语。 小结：常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有：true(真的)，funny(真可笑)，needless to say(不用说)，most important of all，worse still(更糟糕的)，even better(更好)等。

试题设计：

1. _____， he often forgot to turn off the lights.

A. Even better B. Strange C. However D. Fortunately

2. Greenland，_____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest 3. An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to

4. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ______ something she would regret later.

A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said

5. Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest

6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_____，of course，made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

7. _____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

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A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 8. _____，success results from hard work.

A. Worse still B. Sure enough C. To sum up D. What‘s worse 9. As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood. A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a

10. He made another wonderful discovery， _____ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is

【参考答案】1～5 BDBDB 6～11 DACAA

专题3. 倒装

1. 倒装的分类 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装指将句子的谓语动词全部提到主语之前构成的倒装。不完全倒装指把谓语的一部分提到主语之前构成的倒装。 2. 完全倒装

(1) 表示地点`，趋向的副词(如here ,there ,up, down, off, away, in, out)提到句首，句子的主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。 Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. There fly many kinds of birds. Out dashed the students at the sound. Off rushed the wild animals. Up went the prices. 注意：句子的主语为代词时，不能倒装。如：Here it comes.

(2)表示地点、位置、 处所的介词提到句首，句子的主语为名词时，要完全倒装。 Between the two buildings is a beautiful garden. In front of the classroom is a playground. (3)表示方向的介词短语提到句首，句子的主语为名词时，要完全倒装。 East of China is Japan.

(4) there be句型是一种完全倒装句。 There stood a dog before him.

There are many pictures on the wall. There exist different opinions on this question. (5) \分词(代词) + be + 主语\结构。如:

Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me. Gone are the days when teachers were looked down upon. 3. 不完全倒装

不完全倒装又叫部分倒装。部分倒装与句子的主语是代词还是名词无关。

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(1)表示否定意义或否定结构的词或短语提到句首，句子要用部分倒装。 1)表示否定意义的词有：hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, little, few等 2)表示否定意义的短语有：

in no place 在任何地方都不 at no time 在任何时候都不 on no condition 在任何条件下都不 in no situation 在任何情况下都不 by no means, in no way 用任何方法都不 not until 直到……才 hardly…when…刚一…就… no sooner…than…刚一…就… ①He can hardly say a word at the sight of the teacher. Hardly can he say a word at the sight of the teacher.

②He seldom stays up at night. Seldom does he stay up at night.

③We see the animal her eat no time. At no time do we see the animal here.

(2) not only…but also…, neither…nor…连接主语时，不倒装，谓语与最近的主语一致；引导状语和从句时要部分倒装。

①Not only he but also I am in the classroom now. Is not only he but also I in the classroom now?

②Not only in the classroom but also at home does he read that book.

(3)merely, only, simply引导的除主语以外的句子成分提前时，句子用部分倒装。 Only in that way can you finish the work on time. Only he can do the work.

(4)so表示―也‖时，句子用部分倒装。 They have seen that film. So have we.

so表示如此时，为代词，代替前面提过的事，不用倒装。 He asked me to study hard to pass the exam. So I did. / I did so.

so表示与其前者的情况相同时，不用倒装。一般用句型：So it is / was with… He is hard-working. He studies very hard. He often helps others. He doesn‘t smoke or drink. So it is with me. / It is the same with me.

(5)在虚拟语气中，如if从句的谓语部分含有had、were、should时，可省略if，将条件句中的 had、were、should提到主语前构成倒装。

Were she in the classroom with us now, she would stop you. Should she lose the match tomorrow, the sun would rise in the west.

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(6)表示时间频度的词和短语提前，句子用部分倒装。常见的有：Never, always, often, seldom, usually, now and then, once in a while, every other+时间, many a time(许多次)，次数+(a)时间 Twice a week will she go to the class next year.

(7)such/so引导的成分提前时，句子用部分倒装，如such…that, so…that, such…as (not) to do, so…as (not) to do等

①Such a good student is he that he always gets good results. →He is such a good student that he always gets good results. ②Such a big mistake did he make as to fail the exam. →He made such a big mistake as to fail the exam.

选择最佳答案：

1. If you want to go there, ____.

A. I go also B. so am I C. so I will D. so will I

2. Not only ____ interested in football but ____beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all the students are B. the teacher himself is; are all the students C. is the teacher himself; are all the students D. is the teacher himself; all the students are 3. ____did the students realize they are wrong.

A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 4. So difficult ____it to live here that I decided to leave here.

A.I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel 5. Hardly ____ the station ____ the bell rang.

A.I had reached; when B. had I reached; then C. did I reach; when D. had I reached; when 6. —I don‘t think I can walk on. —____. Let‘s have a rest.

A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don‘t think so D. I think so 7. ____ the match tomorrow, the sun would rise in the west.

A. Will he lose B. If he lost C. Should he lose D. Shall he lose 8. Only when your identity has been checked____.

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A. you are allowed in C. will you allow in

B. you will be allowed in D. will you be allowed in

9. On top of the books ____ the photo album you‘re looking for.

A. is B. are C. has D. have

10. So little ____ with each other that the neighboring countries could not settle their difference. A. they agreed B. agreed they C. did they agree D. they did agree

参考答案：1-5 DDCDD 6-10 BCDAC

专题4. 省略和替代

省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现在上下文相同的语境中，它们的共同目的都是让句子避免重复，言简意赅。 一、省略 (一)复合句的省略

1. 状语从句由(al)though, as if, until, once, unless, when, whether, where, while等引导，且同时具备下列两个条件：1)主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；2)从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：

When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. He‘ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 2. 比较状语从句的省略。例如：I‘m taller than he (is tall). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is).

3. 某些虚拟语气的句子可以省略should。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，但从句要使用倒装结构。例如：Were I you (= If I were you), I would go with her. I suggest that he (should) study more English before going abroad.

4. 宾语从句中的连接词that，限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常省略。例如： She is the woman (who/ whom /that) we are talking about. (二)并列句的省略

为使句子简洁，在无损句子完整的前提下常省略相同成分。例如： He often regards English as easy and (he often regards) French as difficult. I could have stayed home, but I didn‘t (stay home).

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(三)(简单句)习惯省略

1. 对话语境中前后省略。例如： —How are you? —(I‘m) Fine.

2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。例如：They are busy (in) cleaning the room. He spends his evening (in) studying Chinese. We could stop them (from) moving the heavy box.

这类词常为waste/ succeed / difficulty/ trouble/ keep/ prevent等。

3. 省略不定式符号to。不定式作动词make /let以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to，但变成被动语态时不能省略。

例如：The boss made the workers work all day and all night. The workers were made to work all day and all night.

在密切联系的语境中，为避免重复，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。例如： Don‘t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. —Did you invite him to the party yesterday? —Yes, I‘d tried to, but he refused to.

单项选择题考查的主要是状语从句、不定式和问句的省略。 二、替代

替代有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代。

(一)名词性替代常用one, it, that, those, the same和人称代词或物主代词。例如： 1. Mr Smith gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them. 2. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 3. —He was nearly drowned once. —When was that?

—It was in 1998 when he was in the middle school 4. The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor. 5. —Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? —Give me the same, please.

(二)动词性替代常用do, do so/ it /that等。例如： 1. —I told him about it. —I did, too.

2. He had promised to pay, but failed to do so (it/ that).

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① If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为: Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. ②When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 转换为: Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个城市更美了。

2、还必须注意,分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致,也可以是主句的其它成分,语法上称作\依着法则\例①)。而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作\悬垂分词\例②)。

①Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 在城市里搜查小偷,花费了警察很长一段时间。

② When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人们)种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了花根。 IV. 独立主格结构与独立成分的异同

1、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法。这些短语有: Generally speaking 总的说来,Frankly speaking 坦率地说,Judging from 从……判断,Supposing 假设,等等。

① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 总的说来,这规则很容易懂。 ② Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所说的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人。

2、有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。这些短语有: to be honest老实说,to be sure 确实,to tell you the truth 说实话,to cut a long story short 长话短说,to be frank 坦率地说,to make matters / things worse 更糟糕的是,等等。 ①To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling. 说实话,我犯了个拼写错误。

②To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作。

专题7. 非谓语动词

一.不定式：

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一) 不定式的常考形式： 1)

一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)

完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二) 不定式常考的考点：1)不定式做定语——将要发生 3)不定式充当名词功能——To see is to believe. 三) 不定式的省略

1) 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\我看见了\这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。(强调\我见他正干活\这个动作)

感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good. It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have, bid, make, let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn‘t have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四) 有些动词后只跟不定式 如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect, allow sb to do, cause sb to do, permit sb to do, enable sb to do, force sb to do, be more likely to do, love to do, warn sb to do, be able to do, be ambitious to do, begin to do, start to do

五) 有的时候to后面要接 -ing形式 如： accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

2)不定式做状语——目的

状元高考复习宝典

1)是名词 Seeing is believing.

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 Starving troops is necessary. 一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. 二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. I would appreciate______ back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling (Key: C. your calling也对) I regret not having taken your advice. 4)有些词后只能接动名词： admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可： remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不同。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了\二十年前的离开\而遗憾。 try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

状元高考复习宝典

三、分词

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

1) 一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生) 2) 完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) 3) 完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect. (发生谓语动词之前且表被动) 4) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 5) 过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) 这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

专题8. 反意疑问句

解答反意疑问句试题，关键在于读懂微型语境，读出暗含的信息。再注意三点内容：即―一点相反‖，指―前肯后否‖；―两个一致‖指人称代词一致和前后部分时态一致。―特殊化‖指不遵循常规的特殊的反意疑问句形式。因为并非所有的命题都遵循常规，考题的设计有很灵活，因此考生所犯的反意疑问句的错误主要是肯定与否定，人称代词的选用，动词的选用等方面的错误。

反意疑问句的一般应用规则是：前面陈述部分如果用肯定形式，后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式；前面陈述部分如果是否定形式，后面的附加疑问部分则用肯定形式。但在交际运用中，只知道一般的应用规则还不足以解决所有的问题，以下几种特殊情况用特别注意。 1. 当陈述部分的主语是―I don‘t think (suppose ,believe )+ that 从句‖结构是，疑问部分的主语和谓语需和从句的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，并且还要用肯定形式。 如：I don‘t think he can finish the work ,can he ?

但：You don‘t think he can finish the work , do you ? 2. 当陈述部分有情态动词must 时，常用的有4种情况：

1)must 表示―必须‖， ―禁止‖等时，疑问部分用must (mustn‘t ).

I must answer the letter, mustn‘t I?

2) must 表示―有必要‖时，疑问部分则用needn‘t . You must go home right now, needn‘t you?

状元高考复习宝典

3) 当must 用来对现在的情况进行―推测‖时，疑问部分要根据must 之后的动词不定式

采用相应的形式。

如：You must be tired, aren‘t you ?

He must be studying in the classroom, isn‘t he ?

4) must 可表示对过去的情况进行―推测‖ (must +have +过去分词)，若强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语)，疑问部分的谓语动词用―过去式的助动词+主语‖；若强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语)，疑问部分的谓语动词用―haven‘t (hasn‘t)+主语‖。

如：He must have met her yesterday, didn‘t he?

You must have seen the film, haven‘t you?

3. 当陈述部分有have 时，表示―所有‖，附加疑问部分可用have 也可用do 。如不表示―所有‖而表示其他含义时，附加疑问部分用do . 如：He has a book , hasn‘t he ? / doesn‘t he ? She had a good time yesterday , didn‘t she ?

4. 当陈述部分有seldom, hardly , few , little , no , nothing , nobody , nowhere , 等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。 如： Few people know him , do they ?

5 当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀)的动词时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。 如：He is unfit for his office ,isn‘t he ?

6. 当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish 等时，疑问部分的谓语动词用may ,而且前后两个部分均可用肯定式。

如：Ｉwish to go home now , may I ? 7. 当陈述部为祈使句时的注意事项：

１)如果祈使句为肯定式，疑问部分用肯定或否定均可。否定形式在语气上更委婉客气。 如：Ｐass me the book ,will you /won‘t you ? Stop talking ,wii you ?

2 ) 如果祈使句为否定式，疑问部分只能用肯定式。

如：Don‘t speak aloud any more, will you ? Don‘t be careless, will you ?

3 ) 祈使句若是以let 开头的句子，表示―建议‖(包括说话人和听话人双方)时，疑问部分用shall we ; 表示―请示‖(不包括听话人)时，疑问部分用will you . 如：Let‘s go home ,shall we ?

Let us help you ,will you ?

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