作者：杨晓杰，陈静，程加春，李学花
【摘要】 目的研究蒲公英多糖的超滤分离和自由基的清除作用。方法采用不同孔径的超滤膜分离蒲公英多糖，用Fenton反应体系和邻苯三酚自氧化法测定对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的清除作用。结果超滤分离得到蒲公英多糖3个组分，测定了组分DP1和DP2对自由基的清除作用，两组分对羟自由基清除作用强，且DP1高于DP2；两组分清除超氧阴离子的效果不明显，DP1略高于DP2。结论超滤膜能较好地分离蒲公英多糖，其中DP2组分多糖含量较高，占53.71%。DP1和DP2组分均能清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子，对羟自由基清除能力较强，且DP2高于DP1，当浓度达到5 mg/ml时，DP2的清除率达到61.21%。
【关键词】 蒲公英多糖； 超滤分离； 羟自由基； 超氧阴离子
Abstract：ObjectiveTo research on the ability to scavenge free radical of dandelion polysaccharide by ultrafiltration separation.MethodsDandelion polysaccharide were ultrafiltrated by ultrafiltration membrane of different aperture,and the scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical were determined by Fenton system and the pyrogallol autoxidation method.ResultsThree parts were obtained by ultrafiltration membrane.The ability to scavenge free radical of DP1 and DP2 were determined.Two parts could scavenge hydroxyl free radical powerfully and DP2 had stronger activity than DP1.But the ability to scavange superoxide anion free radical of dandelion polyscccharide was not obvious,DP1 had slightly stronger activity than DP2.ConclusionDandelion polyscccharide can be well separated by ultrafiltration membrane.DP2 has higher polysaccharide content accounting for 53.71%.Hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical can be scavenged with DP1 and DP2,but the ability is more powerful to scavenge hydroxyl free radical and DP2 is better than DP1.Activity rate of DP2 is up to 61.2%,when the concentration of polyscccharide is up to 5 mg/ml.
Key words：Dandelion polysaccharide; Ultrafiltration separation; Hydroxyl free radicals; Superoxide anion free radicals
多糖具有广泛的药理作用，如作为免疫调节剂,激活巨噬细胞、T淋巴细胞、LAK细胞等多种免疫细胞，促进细胞因子生成,活化补体，可抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗感染、抗消化性溃疡、抗氧化、防衰老、降血糖血脂等,而且毒性相对较低,因此,越来越受到研究人员的重视［1］。超滤作为一种新型的分离技术，用于多糖、酶等活性物质的分离与纯化，收率高且极少破坏，是当前天然多糖分离研究中十分活跃的领域［2］。蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum是菊科舌状花亚科多年生草本,全草均可入药,有清热解毒、止痛散淤等功效,是中医临床上常用的中草药。蒲公英根、叶、花3种器官的多糖都有一定的清除自由基的活性［3］。本文主要通过超滤分离将蒲公英根多糖分为两个组分，研究并对比了其清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子的活性。
1 材料与仪器
1.1 材料蒲公英，采自黑龙江省五大连池市。
1.2 器材UEIP503、UEOS503型中空纤维膜组件，752N紫外可见分光光度计。
2 方法
2.1 多糖提取工艺流程蒲公英根干粉→热水浸提→离心分离→微滤→超滤分离→乙醇沉淀→脱蛋白→真空干燥→蒲公英粗多糖。
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