如:on hearing… 一听见, on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)
[误] In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
[正] At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
[析] at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end=at last是指"最终,终于"之意。
[误] Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
[正] By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
[析] by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:I'll be there by five o'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.
[误] He came to London before last weekend.
[正] He had come to London before last weekend.
[正] He came to London two weeks ago.
[析] before 一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。
[误] I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.
[正] I have studied English for three years since I came here.
[析] since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态
[误] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.
[正] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.
[析] 中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after 多用于过去时,如:I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。
[误] Three days after he died.
[正] After three days he died.
[正] Three days later he died.
[析] after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after 在时间词前,而later在时间词后。
[误] She hid herself after the tree.
[正] She hid herself behind the tree.
[析] after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
[误] There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
[正] There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
[析] 树上长出的果实,树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
[误] Shanghai is on the east of China.
[正] Shanghai is in the east of China.
[析] 在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China.
[误] I arrived at New York on July 2nd.
[正] I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
[析] at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
[误] He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
[正] He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
[析] 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法:at the end of the street, at the foot
of the mountain, at the top of the page。
[误] There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.
[正] There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.
[析] 在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:There is a tree at the corner of the street.
[误] This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.
[正] This weekend I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.
[析] 要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:at a tailor's shop (裁缝店)=at a tailor's, at the doctor's (去看病) at the bookseller's (在书店) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家)
[误] Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper?
[正] Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper?
[析] 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。
[误] The school will begin on September 1st.
[正] School will begin on September 1st.
[析] 这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:at table (吃饭), When I came to Tom's home, they were at table. 还有: at desk (学习),at work (工作) at school (上学), in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:at the school 即在学校工作或办事,in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。
[误] In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
[正] On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
[析] 译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光"在……的路上"应用on one's way…。而 in the way 有挡道之意,如:Please move the chair it is in the way。
[误] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.
[析] in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。
[误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
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